直接引语与间接引语专题讲座
定义：
直接引语：直接引用别人的原话，并在原话前后加引号。
　　　　　例：He said¹:" It is too late."
间接引语：用自己的话转述别人的话，多数以宾语从句的形式构成。
　　　　　例：He said it was² too late.
直接引语与间接引语相互转化时应注意的问题

第一：人称的变化。
主语为第一人称的直接引语，变间接引语时，人称要做相应调整。
例如：
直接引语 She said:" I am hungry."
间接引语 She said she was hungry.

直接引语 Mum said to me:" You must clean your bedroom by yourself³."
间接引语 Mum told me that I had⁴ to clean my bedroom by myself⁵.

第二：时态变化
直接引语变间接引语时，间接引语的时态要与主句的时态一致。其规律如下图。

注意：
1.直接引语为客观真理时，间接引语时态不变，仍用一般现在时。
例如：Teacher told us:" The moon moves round the earth⁶."
Teacher told us the moon moves round the earth.

2.直接引语为一般过去时并且与具体时间状语连用时，间接引语仍用一般过去时。
例如：She said:" I went to England in 1998."
She said she went to England in 1998.

3.主句为一般现在时或一般将来时的时候，间接引语时态不变。
He says:" I bought you a book yesterday."
He says that he bought me a book yesterday.

第三：指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化。

第四：句式上的变化
1.陈述句变间接引语时，用that连接。
如：She said:" I am a girl."
She said that she was a girl. (that可以省略)

2.一般疑问句，选择疑问句和反意疑问句变间接引语时，要用陈述语气，并要加连词if或whether。
例如：She asked me:" Are you Mr. Li?"
She asked me if I was Mr. Li.

She asked us:" Do you want to go on a picnic?"
She asked us if we wanted to go on a picnic.

3.特殊疑问句变间接引语要用特殊疑问词引导。
例如："How much have we spent on petrol⁷ this year," Susan asked her husband⁸.
Susan asked her husband how much they had spent on petrol that year.

4.祈使句变间接引语，一改二变三加四去。
一改：said (to) 改为asked或told, ordered等
二变：said to 的宾语或呼语变为asked等的宾语
三加：即在动词原形前加to，使成为动词不定式
四去：去掉please
例：He said to her:" Don't take the book away."
He asked her not take the book away.

5.感叹句变为间接引语
"What awful⁹ weather it is!" she said.
She complained¹⁰ about the awful weather.

"What a bright girl you are." He said to me.
He praised¹¹ me that I was a bright girl.