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7.much less , still less 引导的词组或丛句,表示一种追加的否定 less 是由 little 的否定意义而来的,所以这两个词组只能用于否定句中,意为“更不必说”。to say nothing of , not to speak of , not to mention , let alone 意为“更不消说”,也是一种追补的说法。但它们与 much less 和 still less 有所不同,这些词组可以随前一句的意思而定。前一句是肯定,则追加的也是肯定意义。如果前一句是否定,则追加的也是否定意义。 例1.I could not agree to , much less paticipate in such proceedings1. [译文]:我不能同意这种行为,更谈不上参加这些行动了。 例2.He knows little of mathematics , and still less of chemistry .(1991 年考研试题) [译文]:他几乎不懂数学,更不用说化学了。) 例3. In old China , there was hardly any machine-building industry , to say nothing of an eletronic industry.(1985 年考研试题) [译文]:在旧中国,几乎没有什么机器制作工业,更不用说电子工业了。 例4. I don't konw algebra2 or geomtry , not to mention calculus3. [译文]:我连代数几何都不懂,更不必说微积分了。 例5. I can"t add two and tow , let alone do fraction . [译文]:我2加2都不会,更不用说做分数题了。 注意:《美国成语词典》认为 let alone 只能用于追加的否定,但是,有的词典认为,该短语也可以引导追加的肯定。例如:There were five people in the car , let alone the luggage and the two dogs .车里已经坐了五个人了,行李和那两条狗就不带走了。 8. no more ... than ... 和……一样都不…… 例1. The heart is no more intelligent than the stomach , for they are both controlled by the brain.( 1994 年考研试题) [译文]:心脏和胃一样都无智力可言,因为它们都是由大脑控制的。 例2. There is no reason they should limit how much vitamin you take , any more than they can limit how much water you drink.( 1993年考研试题) [译文]:他们没有理由限制你服用多少维他命,就像他们不能限制你喝多少水一样。 9. more ... than ... 与其……不如…… 例1. He is a man who is more brave than wise . [译文]:与其说他是一个勇敢的人,不如说他是一个聪明人。 [注释]: 1). more ... than 常用来比较同一个人或者同一个事物的两种不同特征。 又如:He is more mad than stupid.他与其说是笨,不如说是疯。 2). more than +丛句(句中有 can 或 could ):实在不能……。 例如:Some of the suggestions are more than we can accept .有些建议我们实在不能接受。 3). not more +名词+than +句词:与……一样(是), 如:A big elephant is not more an animal than a little cat is .大象和小猫也一样是动物。 4). (be) more of a ... than a ... :与其说是……不如说是……, 如:He is more of a politican than a scholar.与其说他是个学者,不如说是个政客。 10. no less than 简直是,实在是 例1. It is no less than blackmail4 to ask such a high price . [译文]:如此索要高价,简直是敲诈。 点击收听单词发音
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