1960年3月21日，南非白人种族主义政权血腥镇压南非黑人在沙佩维尔镇举行的和平游行，造成69人死亡，180人受伤。故此，3月21日被定为“南非人权日”，也可以叫做“国际消除种族歧视”。

 
Sharpeville is a township outside of Johannesburg where police shot and killed 69anti-apartheidprotesters and wounded 180 others on March 21 1960. The protesters were resisting a new law, The Native LawsAmendmentAct, which required all black South Africans to carry a pass that restricted their movement in "white" urban areas. Failure to produce the reference book on demand by the police was a punishable offence.

Robert Subukwe, leader of the Pan African Congress

President Nelson Mandela addressing the crowd from a Town Hall balcony in 1994.

(PAC), had made the following statement just five days before the mass killings¹ in Sharpeville. "I have appealed to the African people to make sure that the campaign we are to embark² on must be conducted in good spirit and non violence," he said, "and I am certain they will heed³ my call. If the [government] so desires, we will provide them with ample opportunity to demonstrate to the world how brutal⁴ they can be."

Subukwe had no idea how true his words would be. Heeding⁵ the PAC's call, about 5,000 people marched peacefully, without their passes, gathering⁶ at the Sharpeville police station on the morning of that fateful day in 1960. In the ensuing scuffle, police opened fire on the protesters. The resulting carnage shocked South Africans and the international community and the incident became known as the Sharpevillemassacre⁷.

Memorial in Soweto, a township outside of Johannesburg, where students and young people rose up against Apartheid

After the fall of Apartheid, South Africans drew up a newConstitutionunder President Nelson Mandela, the cornerstone of which is the Bill of Rights, guaranteeing freedom and equal rights to all. The South African Human Rights Commission was launched on March 21 in 1996, 35 years after the fateful events in Sharpeville. The aim of the Commission is to promote respect for human rights, promote the protection, development and attainment⁸ of human rights, and to monitor and assess the observance of human rights in the country. March 21 is now a public holiday in South Africa called Human Rights Day.

The date is also recognized by the international community as the UN International Day Against Racial Discrimination. Kofi Annan addressed the injustice⁹ of the Sharpeville massacre and pointed¹⁰ to continuing problems with racial intolerance stating that, "More than 40 years later, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance are still extremely serious problems. Indeed, discrimination is deeplyembeddedin the economic, social and political structures of many societies, and has been among the root causes of a number of violent conflicts."

As South Africans prepare to celebrate 10 years of democracy, these issues are still relevant, and extremely high levels of gun violence have become one of the country's most serious problems. But organizations in the IANSA network are working hard to address these problems.

Vocabulary:

Anti-apartheid: 反种族分离的 Constitution: 宪法 Amendment: 修正 Massacre: 杀戮 Embed: 使嵌入（文中指“种族歧视深植/扎根于其社会政治、经济、生活之中”）

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