热射病即重度中暑（heatstroke/sunstroke），表现为：高热（直肠温度≥41℃）、皮肤干燥（dry skin）（早期可以湿润），意识模糊、惊厥（seizure）、甚至无反应，周围循环衰竭或休克，病死率很高。

 

▌中暑有哪些症状？

 

An obvious sign is excessive sweating, as well as feeling very hot and unwell with it.

通常表现为大汗淋漓，感觉十分热并引发不适

 

a headache

头痛

 

dizziness and confusion

头晕、恍惚

 

loss of appetite and feeling sick

食欲不振、恶心

 

cramps¹ in the arms, legs and stomach

手臂、腿和胃抽搐

 

fast breathing or pulse

呼吸、脉搏加速

 

a temperature of 38℃ or above

体温达38℃及以上

 

being very thirsty

非常口渴

 

▌中暑了应该怎么做？

 

get them to rest in a cool place - such as a room with air conditioning or somewhere in the shade

转移到凉爽的环境中休息，比如空调房或阴凉处

 

remove any unnecessary clothing, to expose as much of their skin as possible

脱去多余衣物，尽可能多地暴露皮肤

 

cool their skin - use whatever you have available, a cool, wet sponge or flannel, spray water, cold packs around the neck and armpits, or wrap them in a cool, wet sheet

皮肤物理降温——用湿的凉海绵或绒布，放置在患者颈侧和腋下周围降温，或者用湿的凉布单包裹

 

fan their skin while it is moist - this will help the water to evaporate, which will help their skin cool down

若皮肤湿润，可用扇子扇风，加速水分蒸发而降温

 

get them to drink water - sports or rehydration drinks are fine too

多喝水——运动或补液饮料也可以

 

▌出现这些症状立即就医：

 

feeling unwell after 30 minutes of resting in a cool place and drinking plenty of water

在通风阴凉的环境中休息30分钟且大量饮水后，仍感到不适

 

not sweating even while feeling too hot

觉得很热但不出汗

 

a temperature of 40C or above

体温达到40℃或以上

 

fast breathing or shortness of breath

呼吸急促、气喘

 

feeling confused

神志恍惚

 

a fit (seizure)

惊厥

 

loss of consciousness

意识丧失

 

not responsive

没有反应

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