很多人或许不知道，即使家里的电视、电脑和其他电器都关了机，只要电源还连着，就会持续产生待机能耗。

 

Did you know that if your TV, computer and other appliances are plugged in, they are quietly draining electricity - all day, every day - even when they are turned off? Electric power consumed by products when they are switched off or in a standby mode is known as standby power (sometimes called vampire¹ power or phantom² power).

 

待机能耗

 

待机能耗是指，电器关机或处于待机模式时所耗的电。

Standby power refers to the way electric power is consumed by electronic and electrical appliances while they are switched off or in standby mode.

 

待机能耗英文是standby power（待机能耗）。可以翻译成vampire power（电力吸血鬼）、phantom load（幻影负荷）或ghost load（幽灵负荷）。

 

vampire、phantom、ghost这些鬼怪词汇，表现出一种偷偷摸摸的、不知情的情况下持续耗损的情况，可以说十分形象。

 

▌什么情况下会产生待机能耗？

 

This only occurs because some devices claimed to be "switched off" on the electronic interface³, but are in a different state from switching off at the plug, or disconnecting from the power point, which can solve the problem of standby power completely.

待机能耗一般指，设备只是在电子界面完成了关机，而没有拔掉电器插头或切断电源。只有彻底断电才能停止耗能。

 

比如，多数家庭的电视机、机顶盒都只用遥控器关掉，并没有关掉开关或切断电源；空调、油烟机、洗衣机这些常用家电都是全年通电待机状态。

 

这种现象较为普遍，有些家庭不知道待机也会耗电，有些家庭即便知道也并不在意。

 

▌积少成多的浪费

 

据新华社报道，受访人士指出，待机能耗难以被察觉，是因为这是一种“积少成多”的浪费。

 

国网山西省电力公司电力科学研究院高级工程师张敏为记者做了简单测算。将城镇家庭常见的电视机、机顶盒、路由器等12种电器计算在内，一户家庭每天的待机能耗约0.86度电。如果将一直运行却未使用的电热水器、小厨宝加入，一户家庭每日浪费的能耗可达到1.52度电。

 

记者还邀请了多位长年上户服务的电力客户经理进行估算，反馈结果显示，每户日待机能耗量在0.3度到1度电之间。

 

综合来看，即便按照每户日待机能耗0.2度电计算，一个500万人口的城市(按190万家庭户计)，全年待机能耗近1.39亿度电。

 

据英国节能信托基金会估计，如果能节约待机能耗，每人每年可节省40英镑。全球范围内，公用和私人待机能耗之和占总用电量的2%，贡献了1%的二氧化碳排放量。

The Energy Saving Trust estimates that an individual could save around £40 a year by turning off devices that are not using. Globally, standby consumption, both business and private, accounts for 2% of total electricity consumption and 1% of CO2 emissions⁴.

 

降低非必要能耗势在必行，以下是几个节能小诀窍：

 

❶ 使用带开关的电源板。电涌保护器往往自带开关，有助于保护电器和电子设备。把家电插在同一个电源板上，不用的时候就直接关闭电源板，这样一来，所有电器的电源就都断开了。

Use a power strip with switches. Surge protector power strips typically have such switches and help protect your appliances and electronics. If you plug all of your products into a power strip and flip⁵ off the power strip when these items are not in use, they are truly off.

 

❷ 随手拔掉插头。有些家电需要随时开着，比如冰箱和卧室里的闹钟。但是很多电器没必要一直插着电源，比如烤箱。

Unplug your products. Now, there are some products that you will want to keep plugged in, such as the digital alarm clock in your bedroom or the refrigerator. But there are many appliances that you may not need to have plugged in, such as a toaster oven.

 

❸ 考虑使用节能电器。许多节能电器的待机能耗相对更低。

Consider using energy-saving products. Many energy-saving products have lower standby power than other products.

 

“关机不断电，电表悄悄走”，防止待机能耗成“隐藏的浪费”，人人有责！

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