Today's Highlight in History:
On August first, 1946, President Truman signed the Fulbright Program into law, establishing the scholarships named for Senator J. William Fulbright.
On this date:
In 1790, the first United States census¹ was completed, showing a population of nearly four million people.

In 1873, inventor Andrew S. Hallidie successfully tested a cable car he had designed for the city of San Francisco.

In 1876, Colorado was admitted as the 38th state.

In 1936, the Olympic games opened in Berlin with a ceremony presided over by Adolf Hitler.

In 1943, race-related rioting erupted in New York's Harlem section, resulting in several deaths.

In 1944, an uprising broke out in Warsaw, Poland, against Nazi² occupation, a revolt that lasted two months before collapsing³.

In 1946, the Atomic Energy Commission was established.

In 1957, the United States and Canada reached agreement to create the North American Air Defense⁴ Command (NORAD).

In 1966, 25-year-old Charles Joseph Whitman shot and killed 15 people at the University of Texas before he was gunned down by police.

In 1975, a 35-nation summit in Helsinki, Finland, concluded with the signing of an accord dealing⁵ with European security, human rights and East-West contacts.

Ten years ago: In Trinidad, dozens of Muslim militants⁶ surrendered and freed 42 hostages they had seized six days earlier in a failed bid to overthrow⁷ the government.

Five years ago: In the second TV network takeover in as many days, Westinghouse Electric Corporation struck a deal to buy CBS for $5.4 billion. (A day earlier, Walt Disney had agreed to acquire Capital Cities-ABC for $19 billion.)

One year ago: A heat wave that had gripped the nation since mid-July finally broke; authorities attributed nearly 200 deaths to the heat and humidity.