新旧GRE考试中词汇考查方式的比较2
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(单词翻译:双击或拖选)

 LACONIC1  言简意赅的
        (A)   blithe          愉快的
        (B)   incapable      无能的
        (C)   flagrant       臭名昭著的
        (D)   garrulous      饶舌的    
        (E)   intransigent   不妥协的
笔者在课上讲解词汇的时候曾经将laconic, taciturn和garrulous这三个词给同学们做过总结,并给出了garrulous的一个同义词loquacious,它也是一个GRE考试的高频词。在教程的94页15题给出了loquacious的反义词考法,答案选的是taciturn。

        LOQUACIOUS  饶舌的
        (A)   tranquil    安静的
       (B)   skeptical   怀疑的
       (C)   morose   郁闷的
       (D)   taciturn   沉默寡言的
       (E)   witty      机智的,诙谐的


事实上,上面的第二题选项里是还有另外一对同义词,这对同义词考生没有看出来并不影响选出答案。而且只要是熟悉上面的“饶舌的”与“说话简短的”这对反义词的同学也会坚信自己选的是正确答案。选项中的另一对同义词是solicitous和fastidious。solicitous在现行的GRE考试中只考查“挂念的”这层含义,但是它在另一个层面上和fastidious意思相同,即都等于meticulous,即谨小慎微的。因此这道题目的规范做法应该是,先判断出两对同义词,在依据题目中的different做出同义词的筛选。 

由上面的两个题目,我们会发现牢固的词汇基础不仅可以提高解答这部分题目的正确率,还可以加快考生做题的速度。准备GRE的考生应该时刻明确在考场上是一个争分夺秒的过程,平时复习一定要提高解题速度。
 
    下面再看一下样题中阅读题是如何对词汇进行考查的。     
Questions 9 and 10 are based on the following reading passage.
Scholarship on political newspapers and their editors is dominated by the view that as the United States grew, the increasing influence of the press led, ultimately, to the neutral reporting from which we benefit today. Pasley considers this view oversimplified, because neutrality was not a goal of early national newspaper editing, even when editors disingenuously2 stated that they aimed to tell all sides of a story. Rather, the intensely partisan3 ideologies4 represented in newspapers of the early republic led to a clear demarcation between traditional and republican values. The editors responsible for the papers’ content — especially those with republican agendas — began to see themselves as central figures in the development of political consciousness in the United States.
9.      Consider each of the choices separately and select all that apply.
The passage suggests that Pasley would agree with which of the following statements about the political role of newspapers?
A.      Newspapers today are in many cases much less neutral in their political reporting than is commonly held by scholars. 
B.      Newspapers in the early United States normally declared quite openly their refusal to tell all sides of most political stories. 
C.      The editorial policies of some early United States newspapers became a counterweight to proponents5 of traditional values. 
10.  In the context in which it appears, "disingenuously" most nearly means 
A.      insincerely 
B.      guilelessly 
C.      obliquely 
D.      resolutely 
E.      pertinaciously6

在阅读中出现词汇题,这是GRE考试有史以来第一次。可以看出ETS对于词汇题还是难以割舍的。词汇题在这里的命题初衷是希望考生通过上下文的逻辑关系推断出单词的含义。但是对于词汇把握好的考生来说,完全可以脱离上下文快速选出答案。而且这道词汇题考查的单词不管是题干还是选项的词汇都是词汇考试中的高频词。在词汇课的讲义里我们总结了大量“狡猾”以及“真诚”的同义词。

对GRE考试的影响
通过分析上面几道样题可以发现,尽管新题中取消了类比反义,但是那些曾经在类比反义中出现的高频词仍然会是GRE新题的重要命题来源。同时,类比反义题目的删除也屏蔽了只能在这两种题型中考到的部分单词,减轻了考生在准备GRE时记忆单词的负担。但这并不意味着考生可以将词汇书搁置一旁,不再进行单词记忆的工作。从ETS公布的样题可以预测,改革后的GRE考试对有特征的词汇将继续保持极大的偏爱。这些词汇从词性来看主要是形容词和动词,而名词性名词(如arachnid蛛形纲动物)的考查几乎不再会出现。另外以前的词汇题对同学们加深对单词的理解大有裨益,尤其是类比题。在类比的讲解中我们将类比题按照关系进行分类,其中某些关系的题目考查的重点就是那些有特征的单词。这些关系包括:同义词关系,反义词关系,程度类比关系,褒贬关系,正面特征关系,反面特征关系和特殊与一般关系。而组成关系与种属关系因为更喜欢考查名词性名词,所以这些题目中涉及到的单词在新GRE考试中出现的可能性不大。表(1)给出了新旧GRE考试词汇方面的比较。



点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 laconic 59Dzo     
adj.简洁的;精练的
参考例句:
  • He sent me a laconic private message.他给我一封简要的私人函件。
  • This response was typical of the writer's laconic wit.这个回答反映了这位作家精练简明的特点。
2 disingenuously 8f527d0520c09b49166b6a1607819d3f     
adv.不诚实地,不坦白地
参考例句:
  • Then, after telling the deputation to rise she continued, graciously and effectively, if disingenuously. 接着,她让跪着的代表团起来,以不那么诚恳,却是谦和,颇能打动人心的语气继续说道。 来自辞典例句
  • Disingenuously, he asked leading questions abut his opponent's work. 他狡猾地问了一些有关他对手工作的关键性问题。 来自互联网
3 partisan w4ZzY     
adj.党派性的;游击队的;n.游击队员;党徒
参考例句:
  • In their anger they forget all the partisan quarrels.愤怒之中,他们忘掉一切党派之争。
  • The numerous newly created partisan detachments began working slowly towards that region.许多新建的游击队都开始慢慢地向那里移动。
4 ideologies 619df0528e07e84f318a32708414df52     
n.思想(体系)( ideology的名词复数 );思想意识;意识形态;观念形态
参考例句:
  • There is no fundamental diversity between the two ideologies. 这两种思想意识之间并没有根本的分歧。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • Radical ideologies require to contrast to their own goodness the wickedness of some other system. 凡是过激的意识形态,都需要有另外一个丑恶的制度作对比,才能衬托出自己的善良。 来自辞典例句
5 proponents 984ded1baa85fedd6467626f41d14aff     
n.(某事业、理论等的)支持者,拥护者( proponent的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • Reviewing courts were among the most active proponents of hybrid rulemaking procedures. 复审法院是最积极的混合型规则制定程序的建议者。 来自英汉非文学 - 行政法
  • Proponents of such opinions were arrested as 'traitors. ' 提倡这种主张的人马上作为“卖国贼”逮捕起来。 来自辞典例句
6 pertinaciously 5d90e67eb8cbe7a8f4fbc7032619ce81     
adv.坚持地;固执地;坚决地;执拗地
参考例句:
  • He struggled pertinaciously for the new resolution. 他为了这项新决议而不懈努力。 来自互联网
7 arachnid NzRzZU     
n.蛛形纲动物
参考例句:
  • I want that wall-crawling arachnid prosecuted!我要起诉那个在墙上爬的八脚怪物!
  • The tiny arachnid,found in Australia,shows off a rainbow of colours to impress nearby females.这只在澳大利亚的小蜘蛛,向附近的雌性炫耀其华丽的色彩。
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