3【中文释义】他的论文最好地展示了他对系统研究方法的鄙夷不屑，他的论文被广为反对主要就是因为他的参考书籍最多只是构成了对这个领域的主要著作的随机的研究。

　　【解题分析】分析主干可知空格应和disdain for a systematic² approach吻合，答案为e。

　　【重点词条】meticulous³ : marked by extreme or excessive care in the consideration or treatment of details syn see careful —— me.tic.u.los.i.ty n —— me.tic.u.lous.ly adv —— me.tic.u.lous.ness n

　　haphazard⁵ : chance 2haphazard adj (1671): marked by lack of plan, order, or direction syn see random⁶ —— haphazard adv —— hap⁴.haz.ard.ly adv —— hap.haz.ard.ness n —— hap.haz.ard.ry n

　　4【中文释义】与人们过去对待儿童学习语言行为的漠不关心构成了强烈的对比，这种学习发生的过程现在已经成为仔细研究的对象。

　　【解题分析】第一空格后的with和regard构成词组regard with, 故第一空格填某种态度，第二空格填一种相反态度。构成一组相反态度的为b。

　　【重点词条】acquisition 1: the act of acquiring 2: something acquired or gained —— ac.qui.si.tion.al adj —— ac.quis.i.tor n

　　scrutiny⁷ 1: a searching study, inquiry⁸, or inspection⁹: examination 2: a searching look 3: close watch: surveillance

　　5【中文释义】这位议员的声明 她对是否参加第二届连任竞选仍未下决心 是很可信的，考虑到她的竞选委员会的极为冷淡的集资活动。

　　【解题分析】given 表示因果关系，答案为 d 。

　　【重点词条】clandestine¹⁰ : marked by, held in, or conducted with secrecy¹²: surreptitious syn see secret —— clan¹¹.des.tine.ly adv —— clan.des.tine.ness n —— clan.des.tin.i.ty n

　　apathetic¹³ 1: having or showing little or no feeling or emotion: spiritless 2: having little or no interest or concern: indifferent syn see impassive —— ap.a.thet.i.cal.ly adv

　　straight.for.ward¹⁴ adj (1806) 1 a: free from evasiveness or obscurity: exact, candid¹⁵ b: clear-cut, precise 2: proceeding¹⁶ in a straight course or manner: direct, undeviating —— straight.for.ward.ly adv —— straight.for.ward.ness n 2straightforward also straight.for.wards¹⁸ adv (1809): in a straightforward¹⁷ manner enerdetic

　　6【中文释义】直到最近，对糖尿病的研究一直作为一种抑制疾病的手段，尝试改进治疗效果，主要因为根本没有预防性的方案看上去是可行的。

　　【解题分析】as a kind of holding action修饰下文，holding action为抑制作用的意思。与下文的 preventive strategy相比：一个是疾病发生前的预防措施，另一个则应为疾病发生后的抑制疾病危害的治疗手段。第一空格为 d 。

　　【重点词条】

　　1hold

　　hold back vt (1535) 1: to hinder the progress or achievement of: restrain 2: to refrain from revealing or parting with ~ vi 1: to keep oneself in check 2: to refrain from revealing or parting with something

　　hold-down n (1888) 1: something used to fasten an object in place 2 a: an act of holding down b: limit

　　hold down vt (1533) 1: to keep within limits 2: to assume the responsibility for

　　hold off vt (15c) 1: to block from an objective: delay 2: to defer¹⁹ action on: postpone²⁰ 3: to fight to a standoff: withstand ~ vi: to defer or temporarily stop doing something

　　hold over vi (1647): to continue (as in office) for a prolonged period ~ vt 1 a: postpone, defer b: to retain in a condition or position from an earlier period 2: to prolong the engagement of

　　hold up vt (1851) 1: to rob at gunpoint 2: delay, impede²¹ 3: to call attention to: single out ~ vi: to continue in the same condition without failing or losing effectiveness or force

　　hold on vi (13c) 1 a: to maintain a condition or position: persist b: to maintain a grasp on something: hang on 2: to await something (as a telephone connection) desired or requested; broadly: wait —— hold on to : to maintain possession of or adherence²² to

　　hold out vi (1585) 1: to remain unsubdued or operative: continue to cope or function 2: to refuse to go along with others in a concerted action or to come to an agreement ~ vt 1: to present as something realizable: proffer²³ 2: to represent to be —— hold out on : to withhold²⁴ something (as information) from

　　7【中文释义】大多数植物在地理分布上展示了不连续性：通常一个物种可以在很大的地理区域中找到，但是在那个地域范围内，一个个植物群落却是非常分散的。

【解题分析】第一空格后的介词短语为in their geographical²⁵ distribution，故空格中所填的词为某种分布特征，进一步可知冒号后应从分布特征的角度去阅读。冒号前后表达的分布特征相同的是答案a。

　　【重点词条】uniformity 1: the quality or state of being uniform 2: an instance of uniformity