the following was published by a consumer protection agency.

　　"three years ago, so-low launched a nationwide ad campaign, focusing heavily on sunny regions and distributing free sunglasses there. but although so-low sunglasses cost less than higher-priced brands, they block a smaller proportion of the sun's rays, including the type of rays known to damage the eyes even when the person wearing the sunglasses feels no discomfort¹. a recent study suggests that so-low sunglasses can actually increase the risk of damage to people's eyes by creating a false sense of security. the study shows a sharp increase in the incidence of vision problems in the sunny regions over the past three years. these findings suggest that anyone concerned about eye damage from the sun should avoid so-low brand and instead either pay for higher-priced brands or wear no sunglasses at all."

　　the following proposal was raised at a meeting of the franklin city council.

　　"franklin airport, which is on a bay, is notorious for flight delays. the airport management wants to build new runways to increase capacity but can only do so by filling in 900 acres of the bay. the bay coalition² organization objects that filling in the bay will disrupt tidal patterns and harm wildlife. but the airport says that if it is permitted to build its new runways, it will fund the restoration of 1,000 acres of wetlands in areas of the bay that have previously³ been damaged by industrialization. this plan should be adopted, for it is necessary to reduce the flight delays, and the wetlands restoration part of the plan ensures that the bay's environment will actually be helped rather than hurt."

　　the following appeared in a memo⁴ from the vice⁵ president of marketing⁶ at dura-sock, inc.

　　"a recent study of dura-sock wearers suggests that our company is wasting the money it spends on its patented "endure" manufacturing process, which ensures that our socks are strong enough to last for two years. dura-sock has always advertised its use of the "endure" process, but the new study shows that the average dura-sock customer actually purchases new dura-socks every three months. furthermore, dura-sock customers surveyed in our largest market, northeastern united states cities, say that they most value dura-sock's stylish⁷ appearance and availability in many colors. these findings suggest that dura-sock can increase its profits by discontinuing its use of the "endure" manufacturing process."

　　the following appeared in a memo from the principal of sherwood junior high school.

　　="it =appears that the lighting⁸ in sherwood high's classrooms, which have large windows but minimal⁹ overhead light sources, is impairing¹⁰ student academic performance and teacher morale¹¹. records show that during december and january, the two months with the fewest hours of daylight, attendance rates fall, average daily class participation¹² drops, and grades decline. teacher resignations are also highest during these months. according to a study of tundra¹³ vocational school, which experiences entire seasons with little daylight, students' grade point averages increased when day glow light bulbs, which mimic¹⁴ sunlight, were installed in classrooms. this study suggests that sherwood can improve students' academic performance and teachers' morale by using day glow light bulbs in winter."

　　the following appeared in a letter to the editor of the maple¹⁵ city newspaper.

　　"twenty years ago pine city established strict laws designed to limit the number of new buildings that could be constructed in the city. since that time the average housing prices in pine city have increased considerably¹⁶. chestnut¹⁷ city, which is about the same size as pine city, has over the past twenty years experienced an increase in average housing prices similar to pine city, but chestnut city never established any laws that limit new building construction. so it is clear that laws limiting new construction have no effect on average housing prices. so if maple city were to establish strict laws that limit new building construction, these laws will have no effect on average housing prices."