the following is a recommendation from the business manager of monarch¹ books.

　　"monarch books should open a cafè in its store to attract more customers and better compete with regal books, which recently opened a cafè. monarch, which has been in business at the same location for more than twenty years, has a large customer following because it is known for its wide selection of books on all subjects. opening the cafè would clearly attract more customers. the cafè would require relatively² little space. space could be made for the cafè by discontinuing the children's book section, which will likely become less popular given that the last national census³ indicated a significant decline in the percent of the population who are under age ten."

　　the following appeared as an editorial in a wildlife journal.

　　"arctic deer live on islands in canada's arctic region. they search for food by moving over ice from island to island during the course of a year. their habitat is limited to areas warm enough to sustain the plants on which they feed, and cold enough, at least some of the year, for the ice to cover the sea separating the islands, allowing the deer to travel over it. unfortunately, according to reports from local hunters, the deer populations are declining. since these reports coincide with recent global warming trends that have caused the sea ice to melt, we can conclude that the decline in arctic deer populations is the result of deer being unable to follow their age-old migration⁴ patterns across the frozen sea."

although black bears are common in the eastern canadian province of labrador, grizzly⁵ bears—often similar in color, but much larger—were believed to exist only in the western provinces. despite a nineteenth-century explorer's account of having startled and narrowly escaped from a grizzly bear deep in the woods in labrador, modern scientists find no physical evidence that grizzly bears have ever lived in labrador. but recent research into the language and legends of the innu, a people who have lived in labrador for thousands of years, reveals that their language has words for two different kinds of bears, and their ancient legends attribute different characteristics to the two kinds of bears. therefore, there probably were grizzly bears in labrador, and the explorer's account probably accurately⁶ identified the bear.

　　scientists studying historical weather patterns have discovered that in the mid-sixth century, earth suddenly became significantly cooler. although few historical records survive from that time, some accounts found both in asia and europe mention a dimming of the sun and extremely cold temperatures. either a huge volcanic⁷ eruption⁸ or a large meteorite⁹ colliding with earth could have created a large dust cloud throughout earth's atmosphere that would have been capable of blocking enough sunlight to lower global temperatures significantly. a large meteorite collision, however, would probably create a sudden bright flash of light, and no extant historical records of the time mention such a flash. some surviving asian historical records of the time, however, mention a loud boom that would be consistent with a volcanic eruption. therefore, the cooling was probably caused by a volcanic eruption.

　　the following appeared in a newspaper article published in the country of corpora.

　　"twenty years ago, one half of all citizens in corpora met the standards for adequate physical fitness as then defined by the national advisory¹⁰ board on physical fitness. today, the board says that only one quarter of all citizens are adequately fit and suggests that spending too much time using computers may be the reason. but since overall fitness levels are highest in regions of corpora where levels of computer ownership are also highest, it is clear that using computers has not made citizens less physically¹¹ fit. instead, as shown by this year's unusually low expenditures¹² on fitness-related products and services, the recent decline in the economy is most likely the cause, and fitness levels will improve when the economy does."