Discuss how well reasoned you find this argument.

　　1.The following appeared as part of a memo¹ from the president of Automate², a company that manufactures automobiles³.

　　"It has come to my attention that Sparks, Inc., the manufacturing company that just moved into our state, is advertising⁴ job openings at salaries that are twice as high as those paid to our experienced assembly-line workers. Some of our employees have already left to work for Sparks. In order to keep our best staff, we must pay them salaries equal to those Sparks pays its employees. Otherwise we will continue to lose employees in the future, because Sparks must staff the additional new plants that it plans to build in the state."
 
　　2.The following is a memo from the superintendent⁵ of the Mylar school district.

　　"A recent six-month study, in which breakfast was made available at school for 100 schoolchildren ages five to twelve, found that children on the breakfast plan were less likely than other children to be absent from or late for school. Clearly, eating breakfast before school plays a role in reducing student absenteeism and tardiness⁶. It is also well known that children who regularly eat a healthful breakfast tend to perform better in school. Therefore, in order to reduce absenteeism and tardiness and to improve academic performance in all of Mylar's elementary and secondary schools, we should provide breakfasts for all students before each school day."

　　3.The following appeared in a popular health and fitness magazine.

　　"A ten-year study of a group of 552 men from Elysia showed that long-term consumption of caffeinated black tea was associated with a much lower risk of stroke. Of these men, those who drank more than three cups of black tea a day had a 70 percent lower risk of stroke than those who drank no tea. These results suggest that health-conscious people should consume at least three cups of black tea a day, beginning early in life."
 
　　4.The following appeared in a report of the Committee on Faculty⁷ Promotions⁹ and Salaries at Elm City University.

　　"During her seventeen years as a professor of botany, Professor Thomas has proved herself to be well worth her annual salary of $50,000. Her classes are among the largest at the university, demonstrating her popularity among students. Moreover, the money she has brought to the university in research grants has exceeded her salary in each of the last two years. Therefore, in consideration of Professor Thomas' demonstrated teaching and research abilities, we recommend that she receive a $10,000 raise and a promotion⁸ to Department Chairperson; without such a raise and promotion, we fear that Professor Thomas will leave Elm City University for another college."