雅思阅读分类词汇－－环境问题_雅思考试

雅思阅读分类词汇－－环境问题

文章来源：文章作者：发布时间：2007-08-20 00:38 字体： [大中小]　进入论坛

(单词翻译:双击或拖选)

conservation 保护，保存 (? conserve)v.s. conversation
environmentalist = conservationist
acid 酸酸的 (＜＞alkali)acid rain
carbon 碳 (C) v.s. charcoal¹ (炭)carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide
fume² exhaust fumesv.s. smoke, fog, smog
petroleum³ 石油à petrol (BE) = gasoline/gas (AE)à unleaded petrol/gas
ozone⁴ 臭氧 (o + zone)ozone layer
ooze⁵ 渗出渗出物
radiation 辐射ultraviolet(UV) radiation~ radioactive
greenhouse 温室greenhouse effect/gases
solar 太阳的 (solar energy)^ lunar (lunar calendar)
phenomenon 现象
catastrophe⁶ = disaster, cataclysm⁷
deterioration⁸ 恶化 (? deteriorate)
extinction⁹ 灭绝 (? extinct)
species endangered species
drought 干旱 (^ “找它”)＞＞＞ famine    v.s. flooding
recurrent 反复发生的re + (oc)cur + rentv.s. concurrent¹⁰
inundate¹¹ 淹没    ^ “淹掉它”
embankment 筑堤 (em + bank + ment)
sediment¹² 沉积（物）= deposit
delta¹³ 三角洲the Pearl River Delta
alluvial¹⁴ 冲积的
desertification ? desert (v.s. dessert)
dust-storm 沙尘暴^ thunderstorm, brainstorm¹⁵
barren 贫瘠的，不育的，无效的
dune¹⁶ sand dunethe game “DUNE”!
attributable 归因于be attributable to…
deforestation 滥砍滥伐（森林）de + forest + ation＜＞ afforestation/reforestation
log 原木，日志伐木v.s. logo
vegetation 植物，植被v.s. vegetable, vegetarian¹⁷
habitat 栖息地? habit (Habit is the second nature.)
ecosystem¹⁸ 生态系统 (eco + system)~ ecology
viability¹⁹ ? viable “vi”: life养育能力One tool for assessing the impact of forestry²⁰ on the ecosystem is population viability analysis.
demographic 人口统计的 demo(people) + graph(write) + ic
interdependence inter²¹ + dependence²²
counterbalance 使平衡，弥补 (=offset)counter(against) + balance
mechanism²³ 机理，机制
precipitation 陡降，降水 (? precipice)＜＞ evaporation²⁴
circulation 流通，循环
tide à tidal wave (海啸)＜＞ ebb    ＜＜＜ earthquake
typhoon ~ tornado²⁵, hurricane
meteorology 气象(学)
volcano 火山
eruption²⁶ 喷发 (? erupt)volcanic eruption    ＞＞＞ lava²⁷
granite²⁸ 花岗岩
imminent²⁹ = impending    v.s. eminent³⁰
Celsius³¹ 摄氏的 37OCv.s. centigrade
Fahrenheit³² 华氏的
latitude³³ 纬度(另) longitude³⁴, altitude
tropical ? (the) tropicstropical/torrid zone, temperate³⁵ zone, frigid³⁶ zone
glacier³⁷ 冰川
dump 倾倒，倾销à anti-dumping
contaminate 弄脏 (à contaminant)
recycle 回收再利用
irreversible 不可逆的 (= irrevocable)
reclaim³⁸ 开垦，改造 à reclamation³⁹
contentious⁴⁰ 有争议的 (? contend)Many environmental issues today are highly contentious.
opt⁴¹ 选择(+ for)    à option
prioritize 优先考虑 (? prior, priority)

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1 charcoal
n.炭，木炭，生物炭
参考例句：
We need to get some more charcoal for the barbecue.我们烧烤需要更多的碳。 Charcoal is used to filter water.木炭是用来过滤水的。

2 fume
n.(usu pl.)(浓烈或难闻的)烟，气，汽
参考例句：
The pressure of fume in chimney increases slowly from top to bottom.烟道内压力自上而下逐渐增加，底层住户的排烟最为不利。 Your harsh words put her in a fume.你那些难听的话使她生气了。

3 petroleum
n.原油，石油
参考例句：
The Government of Iran advanced the price of petroleum last week.上星期伊朗政府提高了石油价格。 The purpose of oil refinery is to refine crude petroleum.炼油厂的主要工作是提炼原油。

4 ozone
n.臭氧，新鲜空气
参考例句：
The ozone layer is a protective layer around the planet Earth.臭氧层是地球的保护层。 The capacity of ozone can adjust according of requirement.臭氧的产量可根据需要或调节。

5 ooze
n.软泥，渗出物；vi.渗出，泄漏；vt.慢慢渗出，流露
参考例句：
Soon layer of oceanic ooze began to accumulate above the old hard layer.不久后海洋软泥层开始在老的硬地层上堆积。 Drip or ooze systems are common for pot watering.滴灌和渗灌系统一般也用于盆栽灌水。

6 catastrophe
n.大灾难，大祸
参考例句：
I owe it to you that I survived the catastrophe.亏得你我才大难不死。 This is a catastrophe beyond human control.这是一场人类无法控制的灾难。

7 cataclysm
n.洪水，剧变，大灾难
参考例句：
The extinct volcano's eruption would mean a cataclysm for the city.死火山又重新喷发，对这座城市来说意味着大难临头。 The cataclysm flooded the entire valley.洪水淹没了整个山谷。

8 deterioration
n.退化；恶化；变坏
参考例句：
Mental and physical deterioration both occur naturally with age. 随着年龄的增长，心智和体力自然衰退。 The car's bodywork was already showing signs of deterioration. 这辆车的车身已经显示出了劣化迹象。

9 extinction
n.熄灭，消亡，消灭，灭绝，绝种
参考例句：
The plant is now in danger of extinction.这种植物现在有绝种的危险。 The island's way of life is doomed to extinction.这个岛上的生活方式注定要消失。

10 concurrent
adj.同时发生的，一致的
参考例句：
You can't attend two concurrent events!你不能同时参加两项活动！ The twins had concurrent birthday. 双胞胎生日在同一天。

11 inundate
vt.淹没，泛滥，压倒
参考例句：
If the dam breaks,it will inundate large parts of the town.如果水坝坍塌，该城的大部分将被淹没。 The course changes frequently,and the area is so flat that a small change in the level of the river may inundate a considerable area.河道变化多端，下游地区却很平坦，水位少许上涨河流就会淹没一大片土地。

12 sediment
n.沉淀，沉渣，沉积(物)
参考例句：
The sediment settled and the water was clear.杂质沉淀后，水变清了。 Sediment begins to choke the channel's opening.沉积物开始淤塞河道口。

13 delta
n.（流的）角洲
参考例句：
He has been to the delta of the Nile.他曾去过尼罗河三角洲。 The Nile divides at its mouth and forms a delta.尼罗河在河口分岔，形成了一个三角洲。

14 alluvial
adj.冲积的；淤积的
参考例句：
Alluvial soils usually grow the best crops.淤积土壤通常能长出最好的庄稼。 A usually triangular alluvial deposit at the mouth of a river.三角洲河口常见的三角形沉淀淤积地带。

15 brainstorm
vi.动脑筋，出主意，想办法，献计，献策
参考例句：
The women meet twice a month to brainstorm and set business goals for each other.她们每个月聚会两次，在一起出谋献策，为各自制定生意目标。 We can brainstorm a list of the most influential individuals in the company.我们可以集体讨论，列出该公司中最有影响的人员的名单。

16 dune
n.(由风吹积而成的)沙丘
参考例句：
The sand massed to form a dune.沙积集起来成了沙丘。 Cute Jim sat on the dune eating a prune in June.可爱的吉姆在六月天坐在沙丘上吃着话梅。

17 vegetarian
n.素食者；adj.素食的
参考例句：
She got used gradually to the vegetarian diet.她逐渐习惯吃素食。 I didn't realize you were a vegetarian.我不知道你是个素食者。

18 ecosystem
n.生态系统
参考例句：
This destroyed the ecosystem of the island.这样破坏了岛上的生态系统。 We all have an interest in maintaining the integrity of the ecosystem.维持生态系统的完整是我们共同的利益。

19 viability
n.存活(能力)
参考例句：
What is required to achieve or maintain such viability? 要达到或维持这种生存能力需要什么？ Scientists are experimenting to find ways to ensure the viability of seeds for even longer periods of time. 正如我们所说，科学家正在试验努力寻找让种子的生命力更加延长的方法。

20 forestry
n.森林学；林业
参考例句：
At present, the Chinese forestry is being at a significant transforming period. 当前, 我国的林业正处于一个重大的转折时期。 Anhua is one of the key forestry counties in Hunan province. 安化县是湖南省重点林区县之一。

21 inter
v.埋葬
参考例句：
They interred their dear comrade in the arms.他们埋葬了他们亲爱的战友。 The man who died in that accident has been interred.在那次事故中死的那个人已经被埋葬了。

22 dependence
n.依靠，依赖；信任，信赖；隶属
参考例句：
Doctors keep trying to break her dependence of the drug.医生们尽力使她戒除毒瘾。 He was freed from financial dependence on his parents.他在经济上摆脱了对父母的依赖。

23 mechanism
n.机械装置；机构，结构
参考例句：
The bones and muscles are parts of the mechanism of the body.骨骼和肌肉是人体的组成部件。 The mechanism of the machine is very complicated.这台机器的结构是非常复杂的。

24 evaporation
n.蒸发，消失
参考例句：
Be careful not to lose too much liquid by evaporation.小心不要因蒸发失去太多水分。 Our bodies can sweat,thereby losing heat by evaporation.我们的身体能出汗，由此可以蒸发散热。

25 tornado
n.飓风，龙卷风
参考例句：
A tornado whirled into the town last week.龙卷风上周袭击了这座城市。 The approaching tornado struck awe in our hearts.正在逼近的龙卷风使我们惊恐万分。

26 eruption
n.火山爆发；（战争等）爆发；（疾病等）发作
参考例句：
The temple was destroyed in the violent eruption of 1470 BC.庙宇在公元前1470年猛烈的火山爆发中摧毁了。 The eruption of a volcano is spontaneous.火山的爆发是自发的。

27 lava
n.熔岩，火山岩
参考例句：
The lava flowed down the sides of the volcano.熔岩沿火山坡面涌流而下。 His anger spilled out like lava.他的愤怒像火山爆发似的迸发出来。

28 granite
adj.花岗岩，花岗石
参考例句：
They squared a block of granite.他们把一块花岗岩加工成四方形。 The granite overlies the older rocks.花岗岩躺在磨损的岩石上面。

29 imminent
adj.即将发生的，临近的，逼近的
参考例句：
The black clounds show that a storm is imminent.乌云预示暴风雨即将来临。 The country is in imminent danger.国难当头。

30 eminent
adj.显赫的，杰出的，有名的，优良的
参考例句：
We are expecting the arrival of an eminent scientist.我们正期待一位著名科学家的来访。 He is an eminent citizen of China.他是一个杰出的中国公民。

31 Celsius
adj.摄氏温度计的，摄氏的
参考例句：
The temperature tonight will fall to seven degrees Celsius.今晚气温将下降到七摄氏度。 The maximum temperature in July may be 36 degrees Celsius.七月份最高温度可能达到36摄氏度。

32 Fahrenheit
n./adj.华氏温度；华氏温度计(的)
参考例句：
He was asked for the boiling point of water in Fahrenheit.他被问到水的沸点是华氏多少度。 The thermometer reads 80 degrees Fahrenheit.寒暑表指出华氏80度。

33 latitude
n.纬度，行动或言论的自由(范围)，(pl.)地区
参考例句：
The latitude of the island is 20 degrees south.该岛的纬度是南纬20度。 The two cities are at approximately the same latitude.这两个城市差不多位于同一纬度上。

34 longitude
n.经线，经度
参考例句：
The city is at longitude 21°east.这个城市位于东经21度。 He noted the latitude and longitude,then made a mark on the admiralty chart.他记下纬度和经度，然后在航海图上做了个标记。

35 temperate
adj.温和的，温带的，自我克制的，不过分的
参考例句：
Asia extends across the frigid,temperate and tropical zones.亚洲地跨寒、温、热三带。 Great Britain has a temperate climate.英国气候温和。

36 frigid
adj.寒冷的，凛冽的；冷淡的；拘禁的
参考例句：
The water was too frigid to allow him to remain submerged for long.水冰冷彻骨，他在下面呆不了太长时间。 She returned his smile with a frigid glance.对他的微笑她报以冷冷的一瞥。

37 glacier
n.冰川，冰河
参考例句：
The glacier calved a large iceberg.冰河崩解而形成一个大冰山。 The upper surface of glacier is riven by crevasses.冰川的上表面已裂成冰隙。

38 reclaim
v.要求归还，收回；开垦
参考例句：
I have tried to reclaim my money without success.我没能把钱取回来。 You must present this ticket when you reclaim your luggage.当你要取回行李时，必须出示这张票子。

39 reclamation
n.开垦；改造；（废料等的）回收
参考例句：
We should encourage reclamation and recycling.我们应当鼓励废物的回收和利用。 The area is needed for a land reclamation project.一个土地开垦项目要在这一地区进行。

40 contentious
adj.好辩的，善争吵的
参考例句：
She was really not of the contentious fighting sort.她委实不是好吵好闹的人。 Since then they have tended to steer clear of contentious issues.从那时起，他们总想方设法避开有争议的问题。

41 opt
vi.选择，决定做某事
参考例句：
They opt for more holiday instead of more pay.他们选择了延长假期而不是增加工资。 Will individual schools be given the right to opt out of the local school authority?各个学校可能有权选择退出地方教育局吗？

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