（830 words）

Questions 1-5

Complete each of the following statements with the scientist or company name from the box below.

Write the appropriate letters A-F in boxes 1-5 on your answer sheet.

A. Apple

B. IBM

C. Intel

D. Alex Mischenko

E. Ali Shakouri

F. Rama Venkatasubramanian

1. ……and his research group use paraelectric film available from the market to produce cooling.

2. ……sold microprocessors² running at 60m cycles a second in 1993.

3. ……says that he has made refrigerators which can cool the hotspots of computer chips by 10℃.

4. ……claims to have made a refrigerator small enough to be built into a computer chip.

5. ……attempts to produce better cooling in personal computers by stirring up liquid with tiny jets to make sure maximum heat exchange.

Questions 6-9

Do the following statements agree with the information given in the reading passage?

In boxes 6-9 on your answer sheet write

TRUE if the statement is true according to the passage

FALSE if the statement is false according to the passage

NOT GIVEN if the information is not given in the passage

6. Paraelectric materials can generate a current when electrodes are attached to them.

7. Dr. Mischenko has successfully applied³ his laboratory discovery to manufacturing more efficient referigerators.

8. Doubling the frequency of logical operations inside a microprocessor¹ doubles the heat output.

9. IBM will achieve better computer cooling by combining microchannels with paraelectrics.

Question 10

Choose the appropriate letters A-D and write them in box 10 on your answer sheet.

10. Which method of disposing heat in computers may have a bright prospect⁴?

A. Tweaking the processors?heat sinks.

B. Tweaking the fans that circulate air over the processor抯 heat sinks.

C. Shifting from single-core processors to systems of subunits.

D. None of the above.

Questions 11-14

Complete the notes below.

Choose one suitable word from the Reading Passage above for each answer.

Write your answers in boxes 11-14 on your answer sheet.

Traditional refrigerators use……11……pumps to drop temperature. At present, scientists are searching for other methods to produce refrigeration, especially in computer microprocessors……12……materials have been tried to generate temperature drops five times bigger than any previously⁵ recorded. ……13……effect has also been adopted by many researchers to cool hotspots in computers. A miniature version of a car ……14…… may also be a system to realize ideal computer cooling in the future.