4.权利自由原则

　　动物：

　　It is a breach¹ of their natural rights to take them by force into captivity² for our own purposes.

　　Animals have the right to be treated as beings of value in themselves， not as the means to human ends.

　　死刑：

　　The right to life is inviolable and protected by law.

　　One human right is the right to life and taking a life away by execution is cruel， inhumane and degrading.

　　极限运动：

　　People should be free to participate in activities with others as long as it does not affect the safety of non-participants.

　　摄像机：

　　They feel that being watched constantly is like being in a jail， and that ordinary people are losing their freedom because of these devices.

　　强迫老年人退休：

　　Compulsorily³ retiring old employees can affect the older individual's freedom - and right - to work and can deprive society of valuable experience and insights.

　　禁酒：

　　Banning alcohol infringes⁴ people's civil liberties to an unacceptable degree.

　　禁烟：

　　While a government has a responsibility to protect its population， it also has a responsibility to defend their freedom of choice.

　　新闻审查：

　　Banning advertisements is a severe restriction⁵ upon freedom of speech.

　　We have accepted that freedom of expression should have limits.

　　The risks of stifling⁶ free expression far outweigh⁷ the potential for unacceptable material.

　　An individual's rights end when they impinge on the safety and rights of others.

　　媒体报道名人：

　　Famous people deserve privacy and respect.

　　Although， generally speaking， the media should not interfere⁸ in people's private lives， there are times when it is correct to do so.

　　母亲在家带孩子：

　　Mothers should have as much freedom as anyone else in society to decide what is best for them and their children.

　　家庭教育：

　　If they feel that the child would be best educated at home， by them or by another， that is their right.

　　控制人口：

　　They feel that this is one area of life where they have the right to make decisions for themselves.

　　分开教育：

　　Among these opponents are “equal education” advocates， who argue that every student has the same right to enjoying high quality education regardless of gender⁹， race， wealth， and most importantly， regardless of their minor¹⁰ differences in intellectual abilities.

　　资助艺术：

　　So-called “elite culture” should be available for all to enjoy， and not just confined to the rich.

　　5.文化原则

　　1）文化重要性

　　捕鲸：

　　Whale hunting is an important aspect of some people's cultural heritage.

　　建筑：

　　Architecture is part of a country's cultural heritage.

　　语言：

　　Language is a type of cultural heritage.

　　Language is often seen as a badge of identity and more conflict may be created if the global community is seen to prefer one language to another.

　　电视：

　　Television is mostly directed to films and shows that have commercial purposes but little cultural value.

　　旅游：

　　It is not purely¹¹ ecosystems¹² which are damaged by the pressure of consumption （e.g. by sewage output or pressure on water resources）， but also ancient monuments or heritage sites.

　　2）文化多元性

　　电视：

　　It changes our society for the worse， making us all conform to a bland¹³， “Hollywood” model of entertainment in which regional traditions and diversity are lost.

　　语言：

　　The diversity of languages is endlessly fascinating.

　　政府资助艺术：

　　Subsidised companies can afford to take more risks and to experiment， enabling new styles and forms of art to emerge and to become popular.

　　旅游：

　　Tourism demands that an area conform to a certain stereotyped¹⁴ image， requiring the local inhabitants to make a caricature of their own culture.

　　寄宿学校：（多样性）

　　Spending all your time in school restricts the circle of people you come into contact with.

　　Interaction with other pupils is a crucial element of a child's development

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