LAST逻辑题考查内容及题型-LSAT
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逻辑推理题主要考查以下推理能力: 1)进行论证的能力

2)评价论述的能力

3)形成或评价行动方案的能力

按照美国ETS命题人员的说法,逻辑推理题主要考查考生在以下三个方面能否进行有效推理的能力。

一、论点构建(Argument construction)

这一方面产问题主要让你去识别或找到:

(一) 论述的基本结构(The basic structure of an argument)

(二) 正确得到的结论(Properly drawn1 conclusion)

(三) 基于的假设(Underlying2 assumption)

(四) 被强有力支持的解释性假说(Well-supported explanatory hypotheses)

(五) 结构上相似的论点的平行结构(Parallels between structurally3 similar arguments)

二、论点评价(Argument evaluation4

这一方面的问题主要让你在分析既定的论点基础之上去识别:

(一) 加强或削弱既定论点的因素(Factors that would strengthen, or weaken, the given argument)

(二) 在进行论述时所犯的推理错误(Reasoning errors committed in making that argument)

(三) 进行论述所使用的方法(The method by which the argument proceeds)

三、形成并且评价行动方案(Formulating5 and evaluating a plan of action)

这方面的问题主要让你去识别:

(一) 不同行动方案的相对合适性、有效性或效率(The relative appropriateness, effectiveness, or efficiency of different plans of action)

(二) 加强或削弱拟议行动方案成功可能的因素(Factors that would strengthen, or weaken, the prospects6 of success for a proposed plan of action)

(三) 拟议行动计划所基于的假设(Assumptions underlying a proposed plan of action)

根据逻辑推理题的考查内容,我们认为熟悉逻辑推理的主要题型对你大有裨益,下面是我们在考试中将遇到的十一类逻辑推理题。

一、假设(Assumption)

这类考题主要考查我们识别根据什么前提得出论点的能力,这类题目往往用以下方式:

二、支持(Support)

这类考题主要考查我们识别一种附加事实信息支持论点的能力,这类题往往用如下措词:

Which of the following, if true, would constitute the strongest evidence in support of the claim made above?

Which of the following, if true, does NOT support the claim that…

三、反对(Weaken):

这类考题主要考查我们识别一种附加事实信息反对论点的能力,这类题主要用以下措词:

Which of the following, if true, would additionally weaken the traditional opinion that…

The persuasiveness7 of the claim made above is most weakened by…

四、评价(Evaluation):

这类考题主要考查我们评价论点的能力这类题往往用以下方式:

Which of the following would be most important to know in evaluating the accuracy of the argument above?

Knowledge of which of the following would be LEAST useful in evaluating the claims made in the passage above?

五、推断(Inference):

这类考题主要考查我们评价论点的能力,这类题往往用以下方式:

It can be inferred from the passage above that the author believes that…

Which of the following is implied by the passage above?

From the information above, which of the following can be most reasonably inferred about…

六、 结论(Conclusion):

这类考题主要考查我们根据文章中的论据能提出什么合乎逻辑的主张的能力,这类题往往腻和这些方式:

If the statements above are true, which of the following conclusions can be properly drawn?

Choose the most logical completion for the following paragraph.

Which of the following would provide the most logical conclusion for the preceding paragraph?

The statements in the passage, if true, best support which of the following conclusions?

七、中心思想:

这类题主要考查我们理解文章要点的能力,这类题往往用如下措词:

The statement cited above conveys which of the following propositions?

The passage above emphasizes which of the following points?

The author in the passage above argues that…

Which of the following expresses the point the author of the passage above makes?

八、解释(Explain):

这类题主要考查我们解释某外现象、结果或缓解某种矛盾的能力,这类题往往用这些方式:

Which of the following hypotheses, if true, would help resolve the apparent paradox8 introduced above?

If all of the statements above are correct, an explanation of their apparent contradiction of provided by…

Which of the following, if true, provides the most logical completion of the passage below?

九、应用:

这类题主要考查我们将一个论点的指导性原则用于另一论点的能力,这类题可能性用如下措词:

Which of the following parallels the method of argumentation above?

The argument above is most like which of the following?

Which of the following suffers from a flaw that, in its logical aspects, is most like the difficulty described above?

Which of the following identifies a flaw in the speaker’s reasoning?

十、技法:

这类题主要考查我们识别论点的结构方法或技法的能力,这类题可能用如下措词:

The author’s point is made primarily by…

The labor negotiator minimizes his differences with management by…

The passage above criticizes the authorities by…

十一、划线句子作用:

这类题主要考查我们论点构建中的某句话对结论或前提是否起作用或起什么作用的能力



点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 drawn MuXzIi     
v.拖,拉,拔出;adj.憔悴的,紧张的
参考例句:
  • All the characters in the story are drawn from life.故事中的所有人物都取材于生活。
  • Her gaze was drawn irresistibly to the scene outside.她的目光禁不住被外面的风景所吸引。
2 underlying 5fyz8c     
adj.在下面的,含蓄的,潜在的
参考例句:
  • The underlying theme of the novel is very serious.小说隐含的主题是十分严肃的。
  • This word has its underlying meaning.这个单词有它潜在的含义。
3 structurally b9ab462aabf667bfba00ea360ed6c929     
在结构上
参考例句:
  • The house roof was (structurally) unsound. 这屋顶(结构)不牢固。
  • Pinhole on shot-hole damage is never structurally significant. 针孔和蛀洞所造成的危害对结构的影响不大。
4 evaluation onFxd     
n.估价,评价;赋值
参考例句:
  • I attempted an honest evaluation of my own life.我试图如实地评价我自己的一生。
  • The new scheme is still under evaluation.新方案还在评估阶段。
5 formulating 40080ab94db46e5c26ccf0e5aa91868a     
v.构想出( formulate的现在分词 );规划;确切地阐述;用公式表示
参考例句:
  • At present, the Chinese government is formulating nationwide regulations on the control of such chemicals. 目前,中国政府正在制定全国性的易制毒化学品管理条例。 来自汉英非文学 - 白皮书
  • Because of this, the U.S. has taken further steps in formulating the \"Magellan\" programme. 为此,美国又进一步制定了“麦哲伦”计划。 来自百科语句
6 prospects fkVzpY     
n.希望,前途(恒为复数)
参考例句:
  • There is a mood of pessimism in the company about future job prospects. 公司中有一种对工作前景悲观的情绪。
  • They are less sanguine about the company's long-term prospects. 他们对公司的远景不那么乐观。
7 persuasiveness 8c2ebb8f1c37cc0efcd6543cd98a1a89     
说服力
参考例句:
  • His speech failed in persuasiveness and proof. 他的讲演缺乏说服力和论据。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • There is inherent persuasiveness in some voices. 有些人的声音天生具有一种说服力。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
8 paradox pAxys     
n.似乎矛盾却正确的说法;自相矛盾的人(物)
参考例句:
  • The story contains many levels of paradox.这个故事存在多重悖论。
  • The paradox is that Japan does need serious education reform.矛盾的地方是日本确实需要教育改革。
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