11. If the needle on an industrial sewing machine becomes badly worn, the article being sewn can be ruined. In traditional apparel factories, the people who operate the sewing machines monitor the needles and replace those that begin to wear out. Industrial sewing operations are becoming increasingly automated¹, however, and it would be inefficient² for a factory to hire people for the sole purpose of monitoring needles. Therefore a sophisticated new acoustic³ device that detects wear in sewing machine needles is expected to become standard equipment in the automated apparel factories of the future.

　Which one of the following is most strongly supported by the information above?

　(A) In automated apparel factories, items will be ruined by faulty needles less frequently than happens in traditional apparel factories
　(B) In the automated apparel factories of the future each employee will perform only one type of task.
　(C) Traditional apparel factories do not use any automated equipment.
　(D) The needles of industrial sewing machines wear out at unpredictable rates.
　(E) As sewing machine needles become worn, the noise they make becomes increasingly loud.
　　
Questions 12-13

　Alexander: The chemical waste dump outside our town should be cleaned up immediately. Admittedly, it will be very costly⁵ to convert that site into woodland, but we have a pressing obligation to redress⁶ the harm we have done to local forests and wildlife.

　Teresa: But our town's first priority is the health of its people. So even if putting the dump there was environmentally disastrous⁷, we should not spend our resources on correcting it unless it presents a significant health to people. If it does, then we only need to remove that hazard.

　12. Teresa's statement most closely contorms to which one of the following principles?

　(A) Environmental destruction should be redressed⁸ only if it is in the economic interest of the community to do so.
　(B) Resources should be allocated⁹ only to satisfy goals that have the highest priority
　(C) No expense should be spared in protecting the community's health.
　(D) Environmental hazards that pose slight health risks to people should be rectified¹⁰ if the technology is available to do so.
　(E) It is the community as a whole that should evaluate the importance of eliminating various perceived threats to public health.

　13. Which one of the following is the point at issue between Alexander and Teresa?

　(A) whether the maintenance of a chemical waste dump inflicts¹¹ significant damage on forests and wildlife
　(B) whether it is extremely costly to clean up a chemical waste dump in order to replace it by a woodland
　(C) whether the public should be consulted in determining the public health risk posed by a chemical waste dump
　(D) whether the town has an obligation to redress damage to local forests and wildlife if that damage poses no significant health hazard to people
?(E) whether destroying forests and wildlife in order to establish a chemical waste dump amounts to an environmental disaster

　14. In 1980, Country A had a per capita gross domestic product (GDP) that was $5,000 higher than that of the European Economic Community. By 1990,the difference, when adjusted for inflation, had increased to $6,000. Since a rising per capita GDP indicates a rising average standard of living the average standard of living in Country A must have risen between 1980 and 1990.
　
　Which one of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?

　(A) Between 1980 and 1990, Country A and the European Economic Community experienced the same percentage increase in population.
　(B) Between 1980 and 1990 the average standard of living in the European Economic Community fell.
　(C) Some member countries of the European Economic Community had during the 1980s, a higher average standard of living than Country A.
　(D) The per capita GDP of the European Economic Community was not lower by more that $1,000 in 1990 than it had been in 1980.
　(E) In 1990, no member country of the European Economic Community had a per capita GDP higher than that of Country A
　　
　15. Municipal officials originally estimated that it would be six months before municipal road crews could complete repaving a stretch of road. The officials presumed that private contractors¹³ could not finish any sooner. However, when the job was assigned to a private contractor¹², it was completed in just 28 days.
　　
　Which one of the following if true does most to resolve the discrepancy¹⁴ between the time estimated for completion of the repaving job and the actual time taken by the private contractor?
　
　(A) Road repaving work can only be done in the summer months of June, July and August
　(B) The labor¹⁵ union contract for road crews employed by both municipal agencies and private contractors stipulates¹⁶ that emplyoyees can work only eight hours a day five day a wee, before being paid overtime¹⁷
　(C) Many road-crew workers for private contractors have previously¹⁸ worked for municipal rodad crews and vice⁴ versa
　(D) Private contractors typically assign 25 workers to each road-repaving job site whereas the number assigned to municipal road crews is usually 30.
　(E) Municipal agencies must conduct a lengthy bidding process to procure supplies after repaving work is ordered and before they can actually start work whereas private contractors can oblain supplies readly as needed

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