5. Bacteria from food can survive for several days on the surface of plastic cutting boards, but bacteria can penetrate¹ wooden cutting boards almost immediately, leaving the surface free of contamination. Therefore, wooden cutting boards, unlike plastic cutting boards, need not be washed in order to prevent their conta-minating food that is cut on them; wiping them off to remove food debris² is sufficient.

Which one of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?

(A) Washing plastic cutting boards does not remove all bacteria from the 　　surface
(B) Prevention of bacterial³ contamination is the only respect in which wooden 　　cutting boards are superior to plastic cutting boards.
(C) Food that is not already contaminated with bacteria can be contaminated 　　only by being cut on contaminated cutting boards.
(D) Bacteria that penetrate into wooden cutting boards do not reemerge on the 　　surface after the cutting boards have been used
(E) Washing wooden cutting boards kills bacteria below the surface of the 　　cutting boards.

6. Asthmagon was long considered the most effective of the drugs known as beta-2 agonists, designed to alleviate⁵ asthma⁴ attacks. However. studies conducted in Rhiago between 1981 and 1987 revealed that nearly one out of every five of the asthma patients under observation who took asthmagon suffered serious side effects after taking the drug. Citing this statistic⁶. some docotors argue that asthmagon should be banned as an anti-asthma drug.

　　Which one of the following, if true, most weakens the case for the proposed ban of asthmagon?

(A) In Rhiago, where asthmagon had been the most widely prescribed of the 　　beta-2 agonists, the number of asthma deaths increased between 1981 　　and 1987.
(B) Many of the patients under observation to whom asthmagon was 　　administered had not previously⁷ taken a beta-2 agonist
(C) Despite the growing concern about the drug many physicians in Rhiago still 　　prescribe asthmagon to asthma sufferers
(D) Among the patients observed, only those who had very high cholesterol⁸ 　　counts suffered side effects after taking asthmagon
(E) Asthmagon increases the severity of asthma attacks in some people 　　because the drug can cause damage to heart tissues

7. In response to requests made by the dairy industry the government is considering whether to approve the synthetic⁹ hormone¹⁰ BST for use in dairy cows BST increases milk production but also leads to recurring¹¹ udder inflammation decreased fertility,and symptoms of stress in cows who receive the hormone All of these problems can be kept under control with constant veterinary care but such levels of veterinary help would cost big farms far less per cow than they would small farms

　　If the statements above are true which one of the following clams¹² is most strongly supported by them?

(A) The government is unlikely to approve the synthetic hormone BST for use in 　　cows
(B) The proportion of cows that suffer from udder infiammation, decreased 　　fertility, and symptoms of stress is currently greater on big dairy farms than 　　on small ones
(C) At the present time milk from cows raised on small farms is safer to drink 　　than milk from cows raised on big farms
(D) The milk from cows who receive BST will not be safe for people to drink
(E) Owners of big farms stand to gain more from government approval of BST 　　than do owners of small farms

8. Jones is selling a house to Smith The contract between the two specifies¹³ that for up to a year after ownership is transferred. Jones will be responsible for repairing any "major structural¹⁴ defects." defined as defects in the roof or roff-supporting components¹⁵ of the house that might be found Jones is not responsible for any other repairs The house has a truss roof which means that the only walls that support the roof are the exterior¹⁶ walls.

　　It can be properly concluded from the information above that

(A) Jones did not know of any defects in the roof or roof-supporting components 　　of the house at the time the contract was written
(B) although other components of the house may contain defects the roof and 　　roof-supporting components of the house are currently free from such 　　defects
(C) the contract does not oblige Jones to repair any defects in the house s 　　nonexterior walls after ownership of the house has been transferred
(D) Smith will be obliged to repair all structural defects in the house within a 　　year after ownership is transferred except those for which Jones is 　　responsible
(E) In the past Jones has had to make repairs to some of the house s exterior 　　walls

9. The play Mankind must have been written between 1431 and 1471. It cannot have been written before 1431 for in that year the rose noble, a coin mentioned in the play, was first circulated. The play cannot have been written after 1471 since in that year King Henry VI died, and he is mentioned as a living monarch¹⁷ in the play s dedication¹⁸

　　The argument would be most seriously weakened if which one of the following were discovered?

(A) The Royal Theatre Company includes the play on a list of those performed 　　in 1480
(B) Another coin mentioned in the play was first minted in 1422
(C) The rose noble was neither minted nor circulated after 1486
(D) Although Henry VI was deposed in 1461, he was briefly restored to the 　　throne in 1470
(E) In a letter written in early 1428 a merchant told of having seen the design for 　　a much-discussed new coin calle dthe "rose noble"

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