雷同/近似：similarly, likewise(句首/尾), at the same time, equally ...
转折： however, whereas, nevertheless, nonetheless, though, although, even though, while, yet, on the contrary, contrarily, in contrast, conversely, on the other hand, unlikely, in stead (of), in spite of, despite of ...

原因与结果
1. cause-suggestion (几乎不常用)
since / now that ...; I hope that...
because of/on account of/owing to/thanks to + (doing) sth, I hope that...
2. cause-effect (较常用)
XXX lead to / bring about / result in/ account for ...
(一个句子), therefore / thus / hence / as a result / consequently / (and) so ...
3. effect-cause (较常用)
XXX be caused by / result from / be the result of / be the effect of / be the consequence of ...
(一个句子), because ...
it is adj. that ...
it is unimaginable that ...
it is undeniable that ...
it is interesting to discover that ...

三、其它相关常用词（组）

1. 主章开头
图表类型：table; chart; diagram; graph; column chart; pie graph
描述：show; describe; illustrate¹; can be seen from; clear; apparent; reveal; represent
内容：figure; statistic²; number; percentage; proportion
2. 表示数据
一般：have 10%; at 10%; over 10%
最高（低）点：peaked; reached a peak / high point
bottomed out; reached the bottom
变化：recover 略有回升； increase; jump; rise/rose; climb
decrease; fall/fell; drop; decline; reduce
fluctuate 浮动，摇摆不定
remained steady/stable; stay the same; little/hardly any /no change
变化程度：sudden/suddenly 突然的，意外的
rapid/rapidly 迅速的，飞快的，险峻的
dramatic/dramatically 戏剧性的，生动的
significant/significantly 有意义的，重大的，重要的
sharp/sharply 锐利的，明显的，急剧的
steep/steeply 急剧升降的
steady/steadily 稳固的，坚定不移的
gradual/gradually 渐进的，逐渐的
slow/slowly 缓慢的，不活跃的
slight/slightly轻微的、略微地
stable/stably 稳定的
表示范围：from XXX to XXX; between XXX and XXX; for XXX to XXX多长时间直到
表示程度：almost adv. 几乎，差不多
nearly adv. 几乎，密切地
approximately adv. 近似的，大约
about adv. 附近， 大约，转向，左右，周围
just over 刚超过
over adv. 结束，越过，从头到尾
exactly adv. 正确地，严密地
precisely³ adv. 正好 精确地；清晰地
比例：20 per cent 20%
one in three 1/3
one out of every four 1/4
3. 其它在描述中的常用到的词
significant changes 图中一些较大变化
noticeable trend 明显趋势
during the same period 在同一时期
grow/grew 增长
distribute 分布，区别
unequally 不相等地
pronounced 明显的
average 平均
no doubt 无疑地
corresponding adj. 相应的，通讯的
represent vt. 阐述，表现
overall 总体上讲
except 除外
in the case of adv. 在...的情况下
in terms of / in respect of / regarding 在...方面
in contrast 相反，大不相同
in conclusion adv. 最后，总之
in comparison 相比之下
inversely⁴ adv. 相反地，倒转地
in general 通常，大体上，一般而言
range from
excessive adj. 过多的，过分的，额外
lower v.降低，跌落
elapse vi.（时间）过去，消逝
category n.种类
government policy 政府政策
market forces 市场规率
measure n. 尺寸，方法，措施 v.估量，调节
forecast n. 先见，预见 v. 预测