PETS语法辅导:分词2
文章来源: 文章作者: 发布时间:2008-01-12 06:46 字体: [ ]  进入论坛
(单词翻译:双击或拖选)
9.3 连词+分词(短语)
  有时为使分词短语与主句关系更清楚,可在分词前加连词。 连词有: when,while,if though,after, before, as. 但分词的主语和主句的主语必须为同一个,如:
  While waiting there, he saw two pretty girls come out of the building.
  waiting 和saw 的主语相同。
  9.4 分词作补语
  通常在感官动词和使役动词之后,如:
  I found my car missing. 我发现我的车不见了。
  I’ll have my watch repaired. 我想把我的手表修一下。
  9.5 分词作表语
  现在分词: 表示主动,正在进行
  过去分词: 表示被动,已经完成
  She looked tired with cooking. 她由于忙着做饭,看上去有些疲倦。
  He remained standing1 beside the table. 他依然站在桌旁。
  9.6 分词作插入语
  其结构是固定的,意思上的主语并不是句子的主语。
  generally speaking 一般说来
  talking of (speaking of) 说道
  strictly2 speaking 严格的说
  judging from 从…判断
  all things considered 从整体来看
  taking all things into consideration 全面看来
  Judging from his face, he must be ill. 从他的脸色看,他一定是病了。
  Generally speaking, dogs can run faster than pigs. 总的来说,狗比猪跑得快。 (speaking 并不是dogs 的动作)
  9.7 分词的时态
  1)与主语动词同时,
  Hearing the news, he jumped with joy.  听到这一消息,他高兴得手舞足蹈。
  Arriving there, they found the boy dead. 刚一到那儿,他们就发现那男孩死了。
  典型例题
  The secretary worked late into the night, ___a long speech for the president.
  A. to prepare  B. preparing  C. prepared  D. was preparing
  答案B. 此处没有连词,不能选D,否则出现了两个谓语动词worked和was preparing。 只能在B,C中选一个。又因前后两个动作同时发生,且与主语为主动关系,应用现在分词。
  2)先于主动词
  While walking in the garden,he hurt his leg. 在花园里散步时他伤了腿。
  分词作时间状语,如果先与主动词的动作,且强调先后, 要用having done。
  Having finished his homework, he went out.
  =As he had finished his homework, he went out.
  做完作业后,他出去了。
  典型例题
  ___ a reply, he decided3 to write again.
  A. Not receiving  B. Receiving not  C. Not having received  D. Having not received
  答案C. 本题考查分词的时态与分词的否定式。根据题意判断,分词的动作(接信)发生在谓语动词的动作(决心再写信)之前,因此用分词的完成式。分词的否定式的构成为not +分词,故选C。该句可理解为:Because he had not received a reply, he decided to write again.
  9.8 分词的语态
  1)通常,现在分词表示主动,过去分词表示被动,例如:
  He is the man giving you the money. (= who gave you…) 他就是给你钱的那个人。
  He is the man stopped by the car.  ( = who was stopped by…)
  他就是那个被车拦住的人。
  2)不及物动词的过去分词表示动作已经发生
  gone, fallen, retired4, grown-up, escaped, faded, returned
  例: a well-read person.  一个读过许多书的人
  a much-travelled may 一个去过许多地方的人
  a burnt-out match   烧完了的火柴


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1 standing 2hCzgo     
n.持续,地位;adj.永久的,不动的,直立的,不流动的
参考例句:
  • After the earthquake only a few houses were left standing.地震过后只有几幢房屋还立着。
  • They're standing out against any change in the law.他们坚决反对对法律做任何修改。
2 strictly GtNwe     
adv.严厉地,严格地;严密地
参考例句:
  • His doctor is dieting him strictly.他的医生严格规定他的饮食。
  • The guests were seated strictly in order of precedence.客人严格按照地位高低就座。
3 decided lvqzZd     
adj.决定了的,坚决的;明显的,明确的
参考例句:
  • This gave them a decided advantage over their opponents.这使他们比对手具有明显的优势。
  • There is a decided difference between British and Chinese way of greeting.英国人和中国人打招呼的方式有很明显的区别。
4 retired Njhzyv     
adj.隐退的,退休的,退役的
参考例句:
  • The old man retired to the country for rest.这位老人下乡休息去了。
  • Many retired people take up gardening as a hobby.许多退休的人都以从事园艺为嗜好。
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