Well, I see that's all the time we have today. We'll have to leave discussions of the geographic¹ areas these students study in until another time.

Now you are going to hear the talk a second time.

REPEAT THE TEXT

You now have 3 minutes to check your answers to Questions 1 - 10.

That is the end of Part C. You now have 5 minutes to transfer all your answers from your test booklet to ANSWER SHEET 1.

That is the end of Listening Comprehension.

SECTION II: Use of EnglishRead the following text and fill each of the numbered spaces with ONE suitable word. Write your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.

Children who grip their pens too close to the writing point are likely to be at a disadvantage in examinations,

(1) _____ to the first serious investigation² into the way in which writing technique can dramatically affect educational achievement.The survey of 643 children and adults, aged³ from pre-school to 40-plus, also suggests

(2) _____ pen-holding techniques have deteriorated⁴ sharply over one generation, with teachers now paying far

(3) ______ attention to correct pen grip and handwriting style.Stephanie Thomas, a learning support teacher

(4) ______ findings have been published, was inspired to investigate this area

(5) _______ she noticed that those pupils who had the most trouble with spelling

(6) ______ had a poor pen grip. While Ms. Thomas could not establish a significant statistical⁵ link

(7) ______ pen-holding style and accuracy in spelling, she

(8) ______ find huge differences in technique between the young children and the mature adults, and a definite

(9) ________ between near-point gripping and slow, illegible⁶ writing.People who

(10) ______ their pens at the writing point also show other characteristics

(11) ______ inhibit⁷ learning,

(12) _______ as poor posture⁸, leaning too

(13) ______ to the desk, using four fingers to grip the pen

(14) ______ than three, and clumsy positioning of the thumb (which can obscure

(15) ______ is being written.Ms. Thomas believes that the

(16) ______ between older and younger writers is

(17) ________ too dramatic to be accounted for simply by the possibility that people get better at writing as they grow

(18) ________. She attributes it to a failure to teach the most effective methods, pointing out that the differences between

(19) _______ groups coincides with the abandonment of formal handwriting instruction in classrooms in the sixties. "The 30-year-olds showed a huge range of grips,

(20) ________ the over 40s group all had a uniform 'tripod' grip."

SECTION III: Reading Comprehension

Part ARead the following texts and answer the questions which accompany them by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.

Text 1

In recent years, there has been a steady assault on salt from the doctors: salt is bad for you ? regardless of your health. Politicians also got on board. "There is a direct relationship," US congressman⁹ Neal Smith noted¹⁰, "between the amount of sodium¹¹ a person consumes and heart disease, circulatory disorders¹², stroke and even early death."Frightening, if true! But many doctors and medical researchers are now beginning to feel the salt scare has gone too far. "All this hue¹³ and cry about eating salt is unnecessary," Dr. Dustan insists. "For most of us it probably doesn't make much difference how much salt we eat." Dustan's most recent short-term study of 150 people showed that those with normal blood pressure experienced no change at all when placed on an extremely low-salt diet, or later when salt was reintroduced. Of the hypertensive subjects, however, half of those on the low-salt diet did experience a drop in blood pressure, which returned to its previous level when salt was reintroduced."An adequate to somewhat excessive salt intake¹⁴ has probably saved many more lives than it has cost in the general population," notes Dr. John