PETS语法辅导:主谓一致a
文章来源: 文章作者: 发布时间:2008-08-27 08:54 字体: [ ]  进入论坛
(单词翻译:双击或拖选)

主谓一致是指: 1) 语法形式上要一致,即单复数形式与谓语要一致。 2) 意义上要一致,即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。 3) 就近原则,即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语。

  一般来说,不可数名词用动词单数,可数名词复数用动词复数。 
   There is much water in the thermos1
  但当不可数名词前有表示数量的复数名词时,谓语动词用复数形式。 
   Ten thousand tons of coal were produced last year. 

  一、 并列结构作主语时谓语用复数
  Reading and writing are very important. 注意: 当主语由and连结时,如果它表示一个单一的概念,即指同一人或同一物时,谓语动词用单数,and 此时连接的两个词前只有一个冠词。The iron and steel industry is very important to our life. 

  典型例题 
  The League secretary and monitor ___ asked to make a speech at the meeting. 
  A. is  B. was  C. are  D. were 
  答案B. 注: 先从时态上考虑。这是过去发生的事情应用过去时,先排除A.,C.。本题易误选D,因为The League secretary and monitor 好象是两个人,但仔细辨别, monitor 前没有the,在英语中,当一人兼数职时只在第一个职务前加定冠词。后面的职务用and 相连。这样本题主语为一个人,所以应选B。 
  
  二、主谓一致中的靠近原则
  1)当there be 句型的主语是一系列事物时,谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。 
  There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk.. 
  There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class. 

  2)当either… or… 与neither… nor, 连接两个主语时,谓语动词与最邻近的主语保持一致。 如果句子是由here, there引导,而主语又不止一个时,谓语通常也和最邻近的主语一致。 
  Either you or she is to go. 
  Here is a pen, a few envelops2 and some paper for you. 

  三、谓语动词与前面的主语一致
  当主语后面跟有with, together with, like, except, but, no less than, as well as 等词引起的短语时,谓语动词与前面的主语一致。 
   The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory. 
   He as well as I wants to go boating. 

  四、谓语需用单数
  1) 代词each和由every, some, no, any等构成的复合代词作主语,或主语中含有each, every, 谓语需用单数。 
   Each of us has a tape-recorder. 
   There is something wrong with my watch. 

  2) 当主语是一本书或一条格言时,谓语动词常用单数。 
   The Arabian Night is a book known to lovers3 of English. 
   <<天方夜谭>>是英语爱好者熟悉的一本好书。



点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 thermos TqjyE     
n.保湿瓶,热水瓶
参考例句:
  • Can I borrow your thermos?我可以借用你的暖水瓶吗?
  • It's handy to have the thermos here.暖瓶放在这儿好拿。
2 envelops 68935eea55b02ac9aaa70df8e43e9e8b     
v.包围,笼罩,包住( envelop的第三人称单数 )
参考例句:
  • He glued many envelops yesterday. 他昨天用胶粘了许多信封。 来自辞典例句
  • Ask your friends or mother and father to save used envelops for you. 让你的朋友或父母为你留下用过的信封。 来自英语晨读30分(高二)
3 lovers 8dae58e3f282b974328d53f96753f4c1     
爱好者( lover的名词复数 ); 情人; 情夫; 情侣
参考例句:
  • They were off-screen lovers. 他们是真实生活中的情侣。
  • Shakespeare's star-crossed lovers, Romeo and Juliet 罗密欧和朱丽叶这一对莎士比亚笔下命运多舛的恋人
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