adjust—— To change so as to match or fit； cause to correspond修改=alter To adjust （a garment） for a better fit修改
    adjoining—— Neighboring； contiguous接临的=neighboring
    adaptation—— Something， such as a device or mechanism¹， that is changed or changes so as to become suitable to a new or special application or situation改装=modification
    acute—— Extremely sharp or severe； intense强烈的=intense
    Keenly perceptive² or discerning； penetrating聪明的=sharp
    accustomed—— Being in the habit of习惯的=used to
    accumulate—— To gather or pile up； amass收集，堆集；积累=collect
    accompany—— To be or go with as a companion陪伴=travel with
    accompaniment—— Something， such as a situation， that accompanies something else； a concomitant伴随状况伴随发生的事物=attendant An accompanying thing or circumstance； a concomitant伴随物伴随的事物或情况；伴随物
    accommodate—— To provide for； supply with提供住处；供应=lodge To provide with temporary quarters， especially for sleeping提供住处
    acclaimed—— To be praised enthusiastically and often publicly； applauded喝彩地，赞赏地=praised
    accelerate—— To cause to develop or progress more quickly使加快=increased
    abundance—— Fullness to overflowing丰富=profusion The state of being profuse³； abundance丰富
    absurd—— Ridiculously incongruous or unreasonable荒诞的，荒唐的=preposterous Contrary to nature， reason， or common sense； absurd荒谬的
    abandon—— To give up by leaving or ceasing to operate or inhabit， especially as a result of danger or other impending⁴ threat离弃=give up
    awareness——shavingsknowledge or cognizance意识到的或认识到的=realization
    available—— Present and ready for use； at hand； accessible可用的现实可用的；手边的；可获得的=accessible
    attribute—— A quality or characteristic inherent in or ascribed to someone or something品质、属性=characteristic， trait
    attire—— Clothing or array； apparel服装、盛装；服饰=clothing
    attach—— To fasten， secure， or join系，贴或连接=fasten， stick to
    assortment—— A collection of various kinds； a variety多种多样=variety
    astonishing —— Filling with sudden wonder or amazement惊奇的，奇怪的=startling
    astounding-To be astonishing and bewildering震惊极为惊讶和迷惑不解=surprising
    assemble—— To bring or call togethersintosasgroupsor whole召集集合=gathering
    ascend—— To slope upward爬坡倾斜而上=climb of
    ascribe to——assume to be true
    arduous—— Demanding great effort or labor⁵； difficult困难的=difficult，
    Testing severely⁶ the powers of endurance； strenuous艰苦的=strenuous Requiring great effort， energy， or exertion艰巨的
    arid—— Lacking moisture， especiallyshavingsinsufficient rainfall to support trees or woody plants干旱的缺乏水分=dry
    aptly—— Exactly suitable； appropriately合适的=appropriately
    approach—— To come near or nearer， as in space or time接近靠近=near
    appeal—— The power of attracting or of arousing interest吸引力=attraction
    apart from—— With the exception of； besides除…外；除…外还=except for
    anonymous——shavingsan unknown or unacknowledged name匿名的=unknown
    annually—— Recurring⁸， done， or performed every year； yearly每年的=yearly
    annihilate—— To defeat decisively； vanquish战胜=conquer To defeat or subdue⁹ by force， especially by force of arms征服
    alloy—— To combine； mix融合；混合=blend， mix
    altitude—— The height of a thing above a reference level， especially above sea level or above the earth's surface高度=elevation
    affluent—— Generously supplied with money， property， or possessions； prosperous or rich富裕的=wealthy
    afflict—— To inflict¹⁰ grievous physical or mental suffering on折磨=problem
    affect—— To have or show a liking¹¹ for喜欢=fondness
    aesthetically—— Artistically有艺术的，在艺术上的=artistically
    adverse—— Acting⁷ or serving to oppose； antagonistic敌对的=oppose， ill
    adversely—— harmfully or unfavorable有害的或不利的=negatively Marked by or exhibiting features， such as hostility¹²， that cannot be deemed positive or constructive反面的
    advocate—— One that argues for a cause； a supporter or defender支持者或保护者=proponent To speak， plead， or argue in favor of拥护演说=urge， preach
    adorn—— To lend beauty to； decorate使美观为…增添美；装饰=decorate
    adopt—— To take on or assume采取采用或接受=take on
    brilliance—— The state or quality of being brilliant光辉=radiant
    boundary—— Something that indicates a border or limit边界=dividing line
    breach—— A violation¹³ or infraction¹⁴， as of a law， a legal obligation， or a promise破坏，违犯=violation
    boost—— To increase； raise增加；拔高；To raise or lift by pushing up from behind or below推、举=raise
    blend—— To combine （varieties or grades） to obtain a mixture of a particular character， quality， or consistency把…掺在一起混合=combine， mix
    bizarre—— Strikingly unconventional and far-fetched in style or appearance； odd古怪的=odd
    bias—— A preference or an inclination¹⁵， especially one that inhibits¹⁶ impartial¹⁷ judgment偏见=prejudice

beam—— A ray or shaft¹⁸ of light光柱，光束=ray
    be characterized by——distinguish
    barren—— Lacking vegetation， especially useful vegetation不毛的=infertile
    balmy—— Mild and pleasant温和的=mild
    comprise—— To consist of； be composed of由…构成=consist of ，make up
    conception—— Something conceived in the mind； a concept， plan， design， idea， or thought概念、计划、设计或思想=notion A mental image or representation； an idea or conception心理形象或象征；想法或构思
    composed of ——To create or produce （a literary or musical piece）创作或制作=create
    component—— A constituent¹⁹ element， as of a system组成要素=element， part
    comparable—— Similar or equivalent相似或相当=similar
    compile—— To put together or compose from materials gathered from several sources汇编=put together
    community—— Society as a whole； the public作为整体的社会；大众。Asgroupsof plants and animals living and interacting with one another in a specific region under relatively²⁰ similar environmental conditions共生动物群的一群植物和动物=settlement， society
    commodity—— Something useful that can be turned to commercial or other advantage商品=goods
    coincide—— To happen at the same time or during the same period同时发生=occur at the same time
    cohesion—— The act， process， or condition of cohering结合=unity The combination or arrangement of partssintosa whole； unification统一
    cluster—— To gather or growsintosbunches丛生=concentrate
    classify—— To arrange or organize according to class or category分类=categorize
    cling to —— v.依附，依靠，坚持=stick to
    cite —— To mention or bring forward as support， illustration， or proof引证把…作为支持、说明或证明而提及或提出=mention
    check ——monitor To check the quality or content of （an electronic audio or visual signal） by means of a receiver监听，收听；To check by means of an electronic receiver for significant content， such as military， political， or illegal activity窃听
    celestial—— Of or relating to the sky or the heavens天空的=astronomical
    cease—— To put an end to； discontinue使…停止；中止=stop
    capability—— The quality of being capable； ability能力=ability
    cumbersome²¹ —— Troublesome or onerous麻烦的=burdensome
    crisscross—— To move back and forth²² through or over交叉移动move back and forth
    crawl—— To move slowly on the hands and knees or by dragging the body along the ground； creep爬行=creep
    counterpart—— A copy or duplicate of a legal paper复制品=version An adaptation of a work of art or literaturesintosanother medium or style版本
    counteract—— To oppose and mitigate²³ the effects of by contrary action； check抵制，抵消=negate
    core —— The basic or most important part； the essence核心，本质=center
    conventional—— Conforming to established practice or accepted standards； traditional传统的=traditional
    contribute to —— v.捐献=donate To present as a gift to a fund or cause； contribute捐赠
    consumption——The act or process of consuming消耗=eating
    constrain——To keep within close bounds； confine限制=bound To set a limit to； confine限制
    constitute——To found （an institution， for example）创建=make up
    constituent——Serving as part of a whole； component组成的=component
    constantly——Continually occurring； persistently持续的=continuously
    conspicuous——Attracting attention， as by being unusual or remarkable²⁴； noticeable值得注意的=noticeable
    consort²⁵ with ——v.陪伴=associate To keep company陪伴
    conserve——To protect from loss or harm； preserve保存，保护=retain vt.留住；保住
    consequence——Something that logically or naturally follows from an action or condition结果=result
    conjecture——A statement， an opinion， or a conclusion based on guesswork猜想=based on guessing
    congestion——To be overfilled or overcrowded堵塞=overcrowded， crowded
    conflicting——To be opposing； different对立的，不同的=opposing， contrary
    confront——To come face to face with， especially with defiance²⁶ or hostility面对与…面对面的=face To confront with complete awareness面对
    confine to ——To keep within bounds； restrict限制=limit， cramp²⁷ Restrict； narrow受限制
    confederacy——A union of persons， parties， or states； a league联盟=ally One that is allied²⁸ with another， especially by treaty同盟者
    conceal——To keep from being seen， found， observed， or discovered； hide隐藏=hide
    dramatically——Arresting or forceful in appearance or effect引人注目的=striking
    durable——Lasting； stable持久的；稳定的=lasting
    domains——[计]域=fields
    domestic——Tame or domesticated²⁹. Used of animals驯养的=tame
    dominate——To enjoy a commanding， controlling position in占支配地位=be prevalent in
    divergence——Difference， as of opinion意见分歧difference
    diverse——Made up of distinct characteristics， qualities， or elements多种多样的=various
    dogma——An authoritative³⁰ principle， belief， or statement of ideas or opinion， especially one considered to be absolutely true信条=belief
    distinction——The condition or fact of being dissimilar or distinct； difference差别=difference

distinct——Readily distinguishable from all others； discrete³¹有区别的，不同的=different， separate， definite
    dispute——To argue about； debate就…进行争论=argument， disagreement
    disseminate——To spread abroad； promulgate散布=spread， distribute
    disposal——The act or process of getting rid of something除掉=get rid of
    discrete——Constituting a separate thing； distinct分离的=separate Existing as an independent entity单独的
    discard——To throw away； reject丢弃，抛弃=get rid of
    diffuse——To become widely dispersed³²； spread out散布=travel To be transmitted， as light or sound； move or pass传送
    differentiate——To constitute the distinction between区分=distinguish To perceive as being different or distinct区分
    dictate——To prescribe with authority； impose命令；To issue orders or commands命令=determine To reach a decision； resolve解决，决定，=prescribe To set down as a rule or guide； enjoin指定，规定
    devastate——To lay waste； destroy变成废墟，荒芜；破坏=ruin
    device——A contrivance or an invention serving a particular purpose， especially a machine used to perform one or more relatively simple tasks机器=instrument A device for recording³³， measuring， or controlling， especially such a device functioning as part of a control system仪表
    devoid³⁴ of ——free of无……的，免于……的；摆脱了……的
    destruction——The act of destroying毁灭=demolition The act or process of wrecking³⁵ or destroying， especially destruction by explosives.摧毁破坏
    detect——To discover or ascertain³⁶ the existence， presence， or fact of查明；发现=discover， sense To become aware of； perceive感觉意识到
    detectable——Can be discovered or ascertained³⁷ the existence， presence， or fact可查明；可发现apparent， measurable，sizable
    derive——To obtain or receive from a source得到=obtain，
    To issue from a source； originate起源于=stem from
    depression——An area that is sunk below its surroundings； a hollow下陷处=low
    depressed——Low in spirits； dejected情绪低落的；沮丧的=saddened
    deposit——To put or set down； place放置=place， lay
    deplete——To decrease the fullness of； use up or empty out消灭，用完或用光=exhaust， run out
    dense——Hard to penetrate³⁸； thick浓厚的=thick， heavy
    delicate——Marked by sensitivity of discrimination敏锐的=sensitive
    Easily broken or damaged脆弱的=fragile
    delicate——Considerate of the feelings of others体贴的=careful， intentionally
    deft——Quick and skillful； adroit灵巧的=skilled
    extract——To remove for separate consideration or publication； excerpt摘录=remove
    extend——To stretch or spread （something） out to greater or fullest length延伸=increase， stretch， outspread
    extensive——Large in extent， range， or amount广大的=wide， far from reaching
    exponential——Containing， involving， or expressed as an exponent指数的=rapid， increase
    exert——To bring to bear； exercise对…施加=apply To putsintosaction使用，运用，=cause
    exhibition——The act or an instance of exhibiting展览=display
    exorbitant——Exceeding all bounds， as of custom or fairness过高的，昂贵的=expensive
    expand——To increase the size， volume， quantity， or scope of； enlarge扩大=increase
    excessive——Exceeding a normal， usual， reasonable， or proper limit过量的=extreme Extending far beyond the norm过分的
    exclusion——The condition or fact of being excluded.排除或被排除的状态keep out of躲开；置身于…之外
    execution——制作=create
    exalted——Lofty； sublime³⁹； noble高的，崇高的；高贵的=superior Of great value or excellence⁴⁰； extraordinary价值巨大或品质优越的；突出的
    exceed——To be greater than； surpass比…更好；超过=surpass
    excel——To show superiority； surpass others胜过=be superior
    exceptional——Well above average； extraordinary杰出的=extraordinary
    exceptionally——Deviating widely from a norm， as of physical or mental ability特殊的=abnormally，
    Being an exception； uncommon例外的=extremely
    evident——Easily seen or understood； obvious显然的=apparent Readily understood； clear or obvious显然的
    evolve——To undergo gradual change； develop发展=develop
    erode——To wear （something） away by or as if by abrasion腐蚀，侵蚀=wear away
    equivalent——Equal， as in value， force， or meaning相等的=interchangeable That can be interchanged可以相互交换的
    entity——Something that exists as a particular and discrete unit实体=object Something perceptible by one or more of the senses， especially by vision or touch； a material thing物体
    enormous——Very great in size， extent， number， or degree巨大的=tremendous， huge
    emit——To give or send out matter or energy发射=give off发出，放出（蒸汽、气味等）
    employ——To put to use or service投入使用=use
    enactment——To act （something） out， as on a stage扮演=performance， pass
    emerge——To comesintosexistence发生使出现=appear， spring up
    embed——To cause to be an integral part of a surrounding whole包埋=encase To enclose in or as if in a case把…装箱
    elaborate——To become elaborate变得复杂=complicate To make or become complex or perplexing使复杂或令人困惑
    elaborately——Planned or executed with painstaking⁴¹ attention to numerous parts or details精心制作的=done in great detail
    fuse——To mix （constituent elements） together by or as if by melting； blend.熔合=combine
    furnish——To supply； give供应；提供=provide
    fragment——A small part broken off or detached.碎片=piece A portion or part that has been separated from a whole
    forbid——To command against the doing or use of （something）； prohibit严禁=ban
    forage——To wander in search of food or provisions搜索粮食=feed To give food to； supply with nourishment给予食物
    float——To move from place to place， especially at random漂移=drift along
    fertile——Rich in material needed to sustain plant growth肥沃的=rich Abounding， especially in natural resources肥沃的；丰富的
    faction——Asgroupsof persons forming a cohesive， usually contentious minority within a larger group小集团=side One of two or more opposing individuals， groups， teams， or sets of opinions派
    graze——To feed on （herbage） in a field or on pastureland放牧=feed
    gorgeous——Dazzlingly beautiful or magnificent耀眼的；美丽的；眩目艳丽的=magnificent， beautiful
    global——Of， relating to， or involving the entire earth； worldwide全球的=worldwide
    give way to ——让路，让步=be replaced by ，=turnsintos
    genetic——Affecting or affected by genes影响基因的或被基因影响的=heredity The genetic transmission of characteristics from parent to offspring遣传
    gap——An opening in a solid structure or surface； a cleft or breach豁口=opening A breach or an aperture缺口