subscribe¹ v. to purchase a subscription² (to a magazine, concert hall, etc.); to endorse³; to sign; to donate; to contribute; to promise; to pledge; to support; to approve

subscription n. payment given for regularly scheduled performances or publications (i.e. magazine, concert series, etc.); endorsement⁴; signing of one's name

subside⁵ v. to sink lower; to descend⁶; to decline; to settle to the bottom; to abate⁷; to dwindle⁸; to lessen⁹; to decrease

subsidiary adj. supplementary¹⁰; auxiliary¹¹; secondary; lesser¹² in importance; of or pertaining¹³ to a subsidy¹⁴

subsidiary n. company that is owned or controlled by another company

subsidize v. to provide financial assistance

subsidy n. financial assistance

substantial adj. firm; solid; real; wealthy; influential¹⁵; important; considerable; sizeable; ample

substantiate¹⁶ v. to prove; to verify; to confirm; to actualize; to make real; to strengthen; to solidify¹⁷

substantive¹⁸ adj. existing independently; real; tangible¹⁹; of or pertaining to the essence of something; functioning as a noun (Grammar); expressing existence (Grammar)

substantive n. (Grammar) noun; word or phrase functioning as a noun

substitute adj. acting²⁰ as a replacement²¹

substitute n. replacement; person or thing that takes the place of another

subtract v. to take away part of a whole; to remove; to deduct²²; to deduct one number from another (Mathematics)

succeed v. to prosper²³; to achieve; to attain²⁴; to come after; to follow; to take the place of; to inherit

succinct²⁵ adj. stated briefly²⁶ but clearly; clear and concise²⁷; short and to the point

sue v. to institute proceedings²⁸ against (a person) for redress²⁹ of grievances³⁰; to petition (a court) for redress of grievances or recovery of a right

sufficient adj. enough; adequate

suit n. matching outfit³¹ consisting of a jacket and trousers or a skirt; lawsuit³²; request; courtship; set; any of the four sets of playing cards in a standard deck

suit v. to fit; to match; to satisfy; to please; to provide with a suit; to clothe; to be suitable; to be satisfactory

suitcase n. rectangular traveling bag; valise

suite³³ n. group of things that together form a set; group of connected rooms meant to be used together (as in a hotel, etc.); set of furniture; retinue³⁴; group of attendants

sum n. amount that is determined³⁵ by adding two or more numbers; whole amount;

summarize v. to present in a condensed form; to list the main points in a brief and comprehensive manner; to sum up

superb adj. excellent; wonderful; splendid; magnificent

superfluous³⁶ adj. being more than is needed; excessive; unnecessary

superior adj. higher in rank or position; above average; exceptional; better or greater than; supercilious³⁷; conceited³⁸

superior n. one who is higher than another in rank or position; one who is the head of a monastery³⁹ or convent

supervise v. to oversee⁴⁰; to administer; to direct; to manage; to watch over

supervisor⁴¹ n. overseer; director; manager

supervisory adj. managerial; overseeing

supplement n. something which makes up for a deficiency; addition; extra added part

supplement v. to make up for a deficiency; to add on to

supplementary adj. additional; extra

supplier n. provider

suburb n. a usually residential⁴² area or community outlying a city; (suburbs) the usually residential region around a major city; the environs

suburban⁴³ adj. of, relating to, or characteristic of a suburb; located or residing in a suburb; of, relating to, or characteristic of the culture, customs, and manners typical of life in the suburbs

surface adj. external

surface n. exterior⁴⁴ or upper boundary of a thing; external part or layer; outward appearance

surmise⁴⁵ v. to infer; to conjecture⁴⁶; to guess; to presume

surmount⁴⁷ v. to overcome (an obstacle, for example); conquer; to ascend⁴⁸ to the top of; climb

surplus n. profit; amount of assets that is higher than liabilities

surveillance n. careful observation of a person or group

survey n. act of measuring and recording⁴⁹ the characteristics of a plot of land; land survey report (often in the form of a map); review; overview⁵⁰; statistical⁵¹ study

survey v. to look over; to observe; to examine carefully; to study; to measure and record the characteristics of a plot of land; to map

survive v. to continue to live after another has died; to outlive; to remain in use; to continue in existence; to outlast⁵²; to endure; to withstand

susceptible⁵³ adj. vulnerable; prone⁵⁴; liable to be affected⁵⁵ by illness; emotionally sensitive; impressionable

suspect adj. doubtful; dubious⁵⁶

suspend v. to hang; to cause to stop for a period of time; to postpone⁵⁷; to defer⁵⁸; to cause to be temporarily ineffective; to debar from an office or privilege temporarily; to expel

sustain v. to support; to provide for; to finance; to support from below; to nourish; to assist; to encourage; to comfort; to endure; to withstand; to prolong; to maintain; to preserve; to experience; to undergo; to uphold; to affirm; to confirm

swap⁵⁹ n. exchange; trade

swap v. to exchange one thing for another; to trade; to barter⁶⁰; to make an exchange or trade

sway n. moving back and forth⁶¹; influence; control; authority

sway v. to move back and forth; to swing to and fro; to lean in a certain direction; to be inclined toward; to be sympathetic to; to hesitate; to cause to swing; to influence; to affect the opinion or actions of

sweater n. pullover; warm long-sleeve knit shirt; one that sweats; something that induces sweating; employer who underpays his employees

swift adj. fast; quick; immediate⁶²; hasty; prompt; smart; clever (Informal)

switch n. exchange; transfer; slender flexible rod; hairpiece; whipping; device which opens or breaks an electric current; device that opens or closes circuits or selects paths (Computers)

switch v. to change; to shift; to exchange; to trade; to turn on or off

switchboard n. panel containing buttons for connecting and disconnecting telephone or electrical circuits

sympathy n. affinity⁶³; understanding; compassion⁶⁴; pity; concern; commiseration⁶⁵; empathy; approval

symposium⁶⁶ n. meeting or conference at which a specific topic is discussed; collection of essays or writings on a given subject

symptom n. a characteristic sign or indication of the existence of something else; a sign or an indication of disorder⁶⁷ or disease, especially when experienced by an individual as a change from normal function, sensation, or appearance

synthesis n. combining of separate elements into a complete whole; formation of a compound through the combination of simpler components⁶⁸ (Chemistry); deductive logic⁶⁹

systematically⁷⁰ adv. methodically; in an organized fashion

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