30.According to the passage,the invention of the visible-light microscope allowed scientists to

(A)see viruses directly

(B)develop the electron microscope later on

(C)understand more about the distribution of the chemical elements

(D)discover single celled plants and animals they had never seen before.

31.The word "minuscule"in line 5is closest in meaning to

(A)circular

(B)dangerous

(C)complex

(D)tiny

32.The word "it"in line 7refers to

(A)a type of microscope

(B)human perception

(C)the natural world

(D)light

33.Why does the another mention me visible light microscope in the first paragraph?

(A)To begin a discussion of sixteenth century discoveries.

(B)To put the x-ray microscope in historical perspective

(C)To show how limited its uses are

(D)To explain how it functioned

34.Why did it take so long to develop the x-ray microscope?

(A)Funds for research were insufficient¹.

(B)The source of illumination was not bright enough until recently.

(C)Materials used to manufacture x-ray tubes were difficult to obtain

(D)X-ray microscopes were too complicated to operate.

35.The word "enables"in line 32is closest in meaning to

(A)constitutes

(B)specifies

(C)expands

(D)allows

36.The word "Rather"in line 28is closest in meaning to

(A)significantly

(B)preferably

(C)somewhat

(D)instead

37.The word "those"in line 29refers to

(A)properties

(B)investigations

(C)microscopes

(D)x-rays

38.Based on the information in the passage,what can be inferred about x-ray microscopes in the future?

(A)They will probably replace electron microscopes altogether.

(B)They will eventually be much cheaper to produce than they are now.

(C)They will provide information not available from other kinds of microscopes.

(D)They will eventually change the illumination range that they now use.

Question 39-50

Perhaps the most striking quality of satiric³ literature is its freshness,its originality⁴ of perspective.Satire⁵ rarely offers original ideas.Instead it presents the familiar in a new form.Satirists do not offer the world new philosophies.What they do is look at familiar conditions from a perspective that makes these conditions seem foolish,harmful or affected⁶.Satire jars us out of complacence into a pleasantly shocked realization⁷ that many of the values we unquestioningly accept are false.Don Quixote makes chivalry⁸ seem absurd,Brave New World ridicules⁹ the pretensions¹⁰ of science,A Modest proposal dramatizes starvation by advocating cannibalism¹¹.None of these ideas is original.Chivalry was suspect before Cervantes,humanists objected to the claims of pure science before Aldous Huxley and people were aware of famine before Swift.It was not the originality of the idea that made these satires¹² popular.It was the manner of expression the satiric method that made them interesting and entertaining.Satires are read because they are aesthetically¹³ satisfying works of art,not because they are morally wholesome¹⁴ or ethically¹⁵ instructive.They are stimulating¹⁶ and refreshing¹⁷ because with commonsense¹⁸ briskness¹⁹ they brush away illusions and secondhand opinions.With spontaneous irreverence,satire rearranges perspectives,scrambles familiar objects into incongruous juxtaposition²⁰ and speaks in a personal idiom instead of abstract platitude²¹.

Satire exists because there is need for it.It has lived because readers appreciate a refreshing stimulus,an irreverent reminder²² that they lived in a world of platitudinous²³ thinking,cheap moralizing,and foolish philosophy.Satire serves to prod² people into an awareness²⁴ of truth though rarely to any action on behalf of truth.Satire tends to remind people that much of what they see,hear,and read in popular media is sanctimonious,sentimental,and only partially²⁵ true.Life resembles in only a slight degree the popular image of it.Soldiers rarely hold the ideals that movies attribute to them,nor do ordinary citizens devote their lives to unselfish service of humanity.Intelligent people know these things but tend to forget them when they do not hear them expressed.

39.What does the passage mainly discuss?

(A)Difficulties of writing satiric literature.

(B)Popular topics of satire

(C)New philosophies emerging from satiric literature

(D)Reasons for the popularity of satire

40.The word "realization"in line 6is closest in meaning to

(A)certainly

(B)awareness

(C)surprise

(D)confusion

41.Why does the author mention Don Quirote,Brave New World and A Modest Proposal in lines 6-8?

(A)They are famous examples of satiric literature

(B)They present commonsense solutions to problems.

(C)They are appropriate for readers of all ages.

(D)They are books with similar stories.

42.The word "aesthetically"in line 13is closest in meaning to

(A)artistically

(B)exceptionally

(C)realistically

(D)dependably

43.Which of the following can be found in satire literature?

(A)Newly emerging philosophies

(B)Odd combinations of objects and ideas

(C)Abstract discussion of moral and ethnics²⁶

(D)Wholesome characters who are unselfish.

44.According to the passage,there is a need for satire because people need to be

(A)informed about new scientific developments

(B)exposed to original philosophies when they are formulated²⁷

(C)reminded that popular ideas are often inaccurate²⁸

(D)told how they can be of service to their communities.

45.The word "refreshing"in line 19is closest in meaning to

(A)popular

(B)ridiculous

(C)meaningful

(D)unusual

46.The word "they"in line 22refers to

(A)people

(B)media

(C)ideals

(D)movies

47.The word "devote"in line 25is closest in meaning to

(A)distinguish

(B)feel affection

(C)prefer

(D)dedicate

48.As a result of reading satiric literature,readers will be most likely to

(A)teach themselves to write fiction

(B)accept conventional points of view

(C)become better informed about current affairs

(D)reexamine their opinions and values

49.The various purposes of satire include all of the following EXCEPT

(A)introducing readers to unfamiliar²⁹ situations

(B)brushing away illusions

(C)reminding readers of the truth

(D)exposing false values.

50.Why does the author mention "service of humanity"in line 25?

(A)People need to be reminded to take action

(B)Readers appreciate knowing about it

(C)It is an ideal that is rarely achieved.

(D)Popular media often distort such stories.

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