Eleven police officers, including deputy chief of the Shenyang public security bureau, have been prosecuted¹ for acting² as "protection umbrellas" for three major gangs in Liaoning province, Beijing News reported yesterday.

One case, involving gang leader Song Pengfei and seven police officers, concluded on Tuesday.

A second case, headed by Hao Wanchun, and involving four police officers, including deputy chief of the Shenyang public security, Zhang Jianming, ended on June 29.

A third case, headed by gang leader Ren Shiwei, and involving 10 police officers will be heard on Monday.

The Yingkou city's intermediate court reserved ruling in Song's case until a later date.

Hao's case was heard from June 20 to 29 at the Liaohe intermediate people's court. No verdict was given.

The ranks of other police officers involved in the cases range from heads of narcotics³ control squads⁴ and armed police squads to special duty units and district public security bureaus.

Liaoning has cracked 14 such cases since 2001.

Action against the latest three gangs began in 2005, after the execution of Liu Yong, a gang leader in the provincial⁵ capital Shenyang.

He was convicted of a series of organized crimes such as racketeering, extortion and illegal possession of firearms in 2003 and sentenced to death.

An investigation⁶ into the three gangs began on June 7, 2005 after an airport warehouse⁷ was looted.

The raid was organized by Song. Two people were killed and four were seriously injured.

Investigations⁸ showed the three gangs had more than 200 members and were protected by a number of police officers.

Chen Weidong, a professor of criminal law at Renmin University of China, said cooperation between central and local government departments is an effective way to curb⁹ organized crime.

"The gangs are not afraid of committing crimes because they rely on police sources to protect them," Chen told China Daily.

Supreme¹⁰ People's Court statistics show that courts across the country dealt with 337 gang crimes last year, up 161 percent on 2006.

Questions:

1. How many police officers have been prosecuted for acting as protection umbrellas for gangs in Liaoning province?

2. Name at least two areas of the law that some officers mentioned in the story worked in.

3. Investigations showed that the gangs had how many members?

Answers:

1. 11.

2. Narcotics control squads; armed police squads; special duty units; and district public security bureaus.

3. More than 200.