Heritage conservation is well under way in the Three Gorges¹ dam area in preparation for the rise of the water level from 156 m to 175 m.

Measures will be taken amid the moving of towns and buildings, and garbage removal, to conserve² delicate artifacts and rare cultural remains³, officials said.

The reservoir water level has risen in stages since the 2,309-m-long dam was erected⁴ in 2003. Fears have been expressed that the rise in water in the world's largest hydropower project to the scheduled maximum height of 175 m above sea level will further damage ancient sites and rare cultural remains.

"Protecting cultural relics⁵ and historical treasures is of paramount⁶ importance," Wang Chuanping, curator of the Three Gorges Museum in Chongqing, said.

"Archaeologists and builders are busy with their assigned projects, but both feel time is pressing in view of the many cultural relics warranting protection."

Cultural relics, tombs and architecture that have been uncovered are of inestimable academic value, Wang said. Archaeologists have so far prospected⁷ the 10 million sq m to be submerged and excavated⁸ historical relics from a 1.2 million sq m area within it.

Tombs they discovered date back to the Warring States Period (457 BC - 221 BC) as well as the Ming (1368-1644) and Qing (1644-1911) dynasties.

Relics excavated include pottery⁹, ceramics¹⁰, ironware, copperware and silverware. They provide enormous insight into the social economic situation, everyday life and funeral rites¹¹ in the area during the Warring States Period and Qin (221-206 BC) and Eastern and Western Han (206 BC - AD 220) dynasties.

Four relics under national-level protection: Zhangfei Temple, Dachang Ancient Town, Baiheliang, and Shibaozhai, will also be submerged.

Projects to relocate the Zhangfei Temple and Dachang Ancient Town have so far been completed.

The 400-year-old Shibaozhai wooden building, built on the slope of a steep hill, is being dismantled¹² and moved to higher ground. It is expected to be open by the end of the year.

Baiheliang, China's oldest hydrologic station, however, will remain on its original site as an underwater museum, the main section of which has been completed. The whole heritage conservation project, involving 64 archaeological teams whose work it is to save 829 cultural relics, is the largest of its kind in the world.

Questions:

1. How high will the water level rise?

2. What will remain under the water level as an underwater museum?

3. How old is the Shibaozhai wooden building that is being dismantled and moved above the new water level?

Answers:

1. From 156m to 175m.

2. Baiheliang, China’s oldest hydrological station.

3. Around 400 years old.