From bankers to factory staff, employees in the West face the bleak¹ prospect² of losing their jobs as a global recession starts to bite. For colleagues in the East, the pain is more likely to come through a pay cut.

Human resource experts say cultural differences explain why Asian firms try harder to preserve jobs in difficult times, which will stem unemployment and may help keep Asian economies afloat at a time of slowing exports.

The East Asian attitude may also make it easier for firms to recover quickly from the economic downturn since they will not need to rehire or train new staff, leaving some experts predicting a Western shift to Eastern flexibility³.

"In the Confucian mindset, the right thing to do is to share the burden. There's that sense of collective responsibility whereas in the West, it's more about individual survival," said Michael Benoliel, associate professor of organizational behavior at Singapore Management University (SMU).

In Hong Kong, senior staff at CLSA, the Asian brokerage arm of Credit Agricole, have agreed to a voluntary pay cut of up to 25 percent to stave off the threat of redundancy. CLSA made similar cuts in 2003 when business slowed due to SARS.

A Western CLSA employee, who declined to be identified, told Reuters he accepted the cut because he would have looked like "scum" in the eyes of his colleagues if he did not agree.

Singapore's Chartered Semiconductor⁴ also implemented⁵ temporary salary reductions of 5-20 percent after posting a loss, with senior management taking the biggest hit. And in Japan, chipmaker Elpida cut its chief executive's pay by 50 percent.

Steven Pang⁶, Asia regional director for Aquent, a headhunting firm, said in many East Asian companies there was an obligation "to take care of members of the family and go through the pain together" even if that meant incurring⁷ losses.

In contrast, Western counterparts often felt compelled to make dramatic statements to show investors⁸ they were serious about cost cutting, Pang said.

US firms from General Motors to Goldman Sachs plan to lay off workers by the thousands, but at the Asian units of Western multinationals¹⁰, job cuts will probably be less severe.

Firms have to adapt labor¹¹ practices according to the countries they operate in, which means they tend to be more restrained when sacking staff lest it hurt their ability to sell products and attract people, Benoliel said.

Mark Ellwood, who heads the Singapore, Malaysian and Thai operations of Robert Walters, an executive search firm, said labor laws in most Western nations favored employees and made it difficult for firms to reduce salaries without attracting lawsuits¹² from disgruntled employees.

"In many cases, it's easier to make the retrenchments."

Employment law in East Asia tended to favor employers, allowing them to be more creative, and there are also government and public support for measures that help save jobs.

Japan's jobless rate was 4 percent in September, up from 3.8 percent in January, while Hong Kong's was flat at 3.4 percent. But US unemployment is expected to have jumped to 6.3 percent last month from below 5 percent in January.

Experts say that while there are noticeable differences in labor practices in East and West, the gap will narrow as more firms become more multinational⁹ and competition forces firms to adopt the best practices of rivals from abroad.

Questions:

1. According to Michael Benoliel, why do Asian firms prefer cutting salaries than laying-off staff?

2. What is Steven Pang’s explanation why companies in the west would rather make staff redundant¹³?

3. The unemployment rate in the United States is expected to have jumped to how much last month?

Answers:

1. Asian firms believe in sharing the burden.

2. They want to show investors they are serious about cost cutting.

3. Up to 6.3 percent.