Chinese and UN health authorities yesterday kicked off a campaign to fight misconceptions and discrimination against HIV/AIDS in the country.

"Stigma¹ and discrimination are major obstacles in an effective response to AIDS," Minister of Health Chen Zhu said at the National Stadium - the iconic venue² of the Olympic opening and closing ceremonies - where the Chinese authorities and UNAIDS unveiled a giant red ribbon to signify the nation's commitment.

"We need to engage all sectors³ of society in China to combat these issues and work together to stop the disease," Chen said on the eve of today's World Aids Day.

"The AIDS ribbon on the Bird's Nest symbolizes⁴ the worldwide impact of the epidemic⁵ and the need for a unified⁶ global response," Peter Piot, UNAIDS executive director, said yesterday in a statement.

Stigma, discrimination, myths and misunderstanding are prevalent even in the more affluent⁷ cities of China, UNAIDS said.

In a recent survey, nearly half the respondents in six cities thought they could contract HIV from a mosquito bite, and almost one in five thought they were at risk if an HIV positive person sneezes or coughs near them.

Around four in five had never searched for information on HIV/AIDS; two in three are unwilling⁸ to live in the same household with an HIV-infected person; and nearly half unwilling to eat with an HIV-infected person.

Ray Yip, representative for the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation China, stressed that awareness⁹ and support are both critical in the fight against HIV/AIDS.

"One is, people with HIV/AIDS need to be discovered earlier through testing, and the other one is that for people with HIV/AIDS getting adequate care, support and treatment, so that they do not transmit HIV to more people."

More than 260,000 people have been found to have contracted HIV in the country, the Ministry¹⁰ of Health said in Beijing yesterday, but the ministry, along with UNAIDS and the World Health Organization, estimate that roughly 700,000 Chinese were living with the disease by the end of 2007, including 85,000 AIDS patients.

"It means that about 440,000 still don't know that they have already contracted the virus," Wang Weizhen, deputy director of the HIV/AIDS prevention and treatment department under the ministry's disease control bureau, said.

"In the first nine months of the year, 44,839 people have been found to be infected with HIV/AIDS, and 6,897 died of the disease," Wang said.

That brings the total number who have contracted the virus to 264,302, including 77,753 AIDS patients, she said, adding 34,864 people had died.

Wang also said that unsafe sex had become the main mode of transmission - jumping from 28 percent in 2006 to more than 45 percent now.

"Heterosexual transmission accounted for 40.4 percent of the latest growth, and homosexuals, 5.1 percent," she said, adding many high-risk groups, such as prostitutes, are still unaware¹¹ of prevention methods.

She said social discrimination toward the infected was the key reason behind their reluctance¹² to go for tests.

"But if the infected are unwilling to be exposed, the danger of spreading the epidemic is higher," she added.

At the Bird's Nest yesterday, Zhao Shijing, 21, a student from Shandong province, was among the audience.

"It is a very foreign topic to me," said Zhao, who only read about AIDS to prepare for his high school exam. "I don't think it will ever happen to me."

Yan Cunyu, a genetic¹³ researcher from the Chinese Academy of Sciences, who also attended the event, applauded the creative awareness program at the popular tourist site.

"The epidemic is spreading," he said. "It is a problem we have to face together."

However, Yan said, more activities are needed at the community level and students should be made more aware.

Questions:

1. Where was an HIV/AIDS awareness event held in Beijing yesterday?

2. The Ministry of Health, UNAIDS and World Health Organization estimate around how many people in China are living with HIV/AIDS?

3. Forty-five percent of HIV/AIDS cases come from what mode of transmission?

Answers:

1. At the National Stadium, or Bird’s Nest.

2. 700,000.

3. Unsafe sex.