A government survey revealed that 20 million migrant workers recently lost their jobs, posing the risk of social instability, a senior official said yesterday.

Some 15.3 percent of China's 130 million migrant workers became jobless, according to the Ministry¹ of Agriculture.

The ministry conducted the survey in 150 villages in 15 provinces before Spring Festival, according to Chen Xiwen, director of the central rural work leading group, a central government advisory² body.

Adding to the worsening situation is the fact that another 5 to 6 million new migrants join the job market annually³.

"Therefore, about 25 million rural migrant workers will face huge pressure finding jobs this year," Chen said. "The increasing number of jobless migrant workers has posed a fresh threat to social stability."

Chen's remarks came one day after the central government warned of "possibly the toughest year" since the turn of the century, in its first policy document this year, which called for the development of agriculture and rural areas.

Since the third quarter of 2008, the global financial crisis has hit the labor-intensive export sector⁴ and thousands of factories in coastal⁵ areas have been shuttered.

Many experts warned that the rising unemployment rate could cause more social unrest and the government should be on the lookout⁶ for more mass incidents this year.

To tackle the jobs issue, three ministries⁷ have said in a joint⁸ circular that a special program will be created to beef up vocational training for migrant workers, college graduates and laid-off workers.

According to the circular issued on Sunday by the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, the training program will provide unemployed⁹ migrant workers with new skills that could help them find better jobs or open a business in their hometowns.

Local vocational schools and technical training institutions will be organized to offer lessons that can help migrant workers master skills needed in railway and infrastructure¹⁰ construction.

The unemployed migrant workers will also be given central government subsidies¹¹ as a way to encourage them to attend the lessons. The training program will be offered in 2009 and 2010.

For laid-off workers and unemployed migrant workers seeking jobs in cities, the circular urged local social security departments to provide three to six month training sessions.

Salaries of migrant workers contributed about 40 percent of rural families' income, so losing jobs means they could lose the bulk of their income.

The Chinese Academy of Sciences forecast in a report last month that growth in farmers' net income this year would drop to 6.2 percent as the economy cooled.

Last month, the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security estimated that the urban registered unemployment rate could be 4.6 percent this year, the worst since 1980.

The jobless rate, which excludes migrant workers, jumped for the first time in five years to 4.2 percent as of December 31.

During the fourth quarter of last year, the number of registered jobless urban residents increased to 8.86 million, 560,000 more than in the third quarter.

Apart from migrant workers, some 7.1 million university graduates, too, are expected to face a hard time this year as the number of openings has been shrinking largely in cities.

College graduates without jobs will be given training related to their majors, the circular said.

Questions:

1. What is the total number of migrant workers in China?

2. What are three government ministries proposing to do with the unemployed migrant workers?

3. Why are experts concerned about the rising unemployment rate?

Answers:

1. 130 million.

2. To give them vocational training to help them find better jobs in railway or infrastructure construction, or start their own businesses.

3. It could lead to more social unrest.