An ounce of prevention, as they say, could be worth a pound of cure for the growing problem of mental illness across a country that lacks national legislation to deal with it.

A long-delayed draft law expected to be passed this year marks a significant shift from the treatment of mental illness to its prevention, said Sichuan University's Liu Xiehe.

At least 56 million patients with mental ailments¹ across the country have not received any treatment and only one in four patients with serious mental disorders² are hospitalized.

Liu first initiated³ the mental health legislation in 1985, but despite numerous attempts at amendment⁴, it has never been passed.

The new draft devotes its first three chapters to preventing mental illnesses, before defining the responsibilities and needs of doctors, hospitals and patients, Liu, 81, told the Huaxi Metropolis⁵ Newspaper earlier this week.

Doctors cannot compel patients to be hospitalized unless patients cannot control their behavior and threaten to harm those around them, the draft says.

The move is good news for people like those in Changpai village, Guangdong province, who have been worried by Chen Jian'an, a 44-year-old mental patient who killed his brother Chen Taojia after a quarrel earlier this year.

After being diagnosed with a mental illness, Chen was released but the villagers demanded he be taken to a mental hospital. They collected 6,000 yuan ($882) to send Chen to hospital, but that only covers hospital fees for three months.

"Lack of money is a problem not only for patients, but also hospitals," Zhang Zhaoping, vice-director of Huidong county federation⁶ for disabled persons, told Nanfang Daily yesterday.

Mental illness covers a wide range of ailments, from depression to schizophrenia. The affliction accounts for 20 percent of all diseases in the country and has become a serious threat to public health, with the rate expected to rise to 25 percent by 2020, the Ministry⁷ of Health said.

Latest figures show there are 11 hospital beds and less than two psychiatrists⁸ for every 100,000 patients, far below the world's average of more than 43 beds and nearly four doctors for the same number of patients.

The country's health budget last year was 5.5 percent of gross domestic product, while the investment in mental health services took up 2.3 percent of the health budget in 2008.