第三章 遗嘱继承和遗赠

Chapter III Testamentary Succession and Legacy¹

 

第十六条 公民可以依照本法规定立遗嘱处分个人财产，并可以指定遗嘱执行人。

Article 16 A citizen may, by means of a will made in accordance with the provisions of this Law, dispose of the property he owns and may appoint a testamentary executor for the purpose.

 

公民可以立遗嘱将个人财产指定由法定继承人的一人或者数人继承。

A citizen may, by making a will, designate one or more of the statutory successors to inherit his personal property.

 

公民可以立遗嘱将个人财产赠给国家、集体或者法定继承人以外的人。

A citizen may, by making a will, donate his personal property to the state or a collective, or bequeath it to persons other than the statutory successors.

 

第十七条 公证遗嘱由遗嘱人经公证机关办理。

Article 17 A notarial² will is one made by a testator through a notary³ agency.

 

自书遗嘱由遗嘱人亲笔书写，签名，注明年、月、日。

A testator-written will is one made in the testator's own handwriting and signed by him, specifying⁴ the date of its making.

 

代书遗嘱应当有两个以上见证人在场见证，由其中一人代书，注明年、月、日，并由代书人、其他见证人和遗嘱人签名。

A will written on behalf of the testator shall be witnessed by two or more witnesses, of whom one writes the will, dates it and signs it along with the other witness or witnesses and with the testator.

 

以录音形式立的遗嘱，应当有两个以上见证人在场见证。

A will made in the form of a sound-recording⁵ shall be witnessed by two or more witnesses.

 

遗嘱人在危急情况下，可以立口头遗嘱。口头遗嘱应当有两个以上见证人在场见证。危急情况解除后，遗嘱人能够用书面或者录音形式立遗嘱的，所立的口头遗嘱无效。

A testator may, in an emergency situation, make a nuncupative will, which shall be witnessed by two or more witnesses. When the emergency situation is over and if the testator is able to make a will in writing or in the form of a sound-recording, the nuncupative will he has made shall be invalidated.

 

第十八条 下列人员不能作为遗嘱见证人：

Article 18 None of the following persons shall act as a witness of a will:

 

（一）无行为能力人、限制行为能力人；

(1) persons with no capacity or with limited capacity;

 

（二）继承人、受遗赠人；

(2) successors and legatees; 

 

（三）与继承人、受遗赠人有利害关系的人。

(3) persons whose interests are related to those of the successors and legatees.

 

第十九条 遗嘱应当对缺乏劳动能力又没有生活来源的继承人保留必要的遗产份额。

Article 19 Reservation of a necessary portion of an estate shall be made in a will for a successor who neither can work nor has a source of income.

 

第二十条 遗嘱人可以撤销、变更自己所立的遗嘱。

Article 20 A testator may revoke⁶ or alter a will he previously⁷ made.

 

立有数份遗嘱，内容相抵触的，以最后的遗嘱为准。

Where several wills that have been made conflict with one another in content, the last one shall prevail.

 

自书、代书、录音、口头遗嘱，不得撤销、变更公证遗嘱。

A notarial will may not be revoked⁸ or altered by a testator-written will, a will written on behalf of the testator, a will in the form of a sound- recording or a nuncupative will.

 

第二十一条 遗嘱继承或者遗赠附有义务的，继承人或者受遗赠人应当履行义务。没有正当理由不履行义务的，经有关单位或者个人请求，人民法院可以取消他接受遗产的权利。

Article 21 Where there are obligations attached to testamentary succession or legacy, the successor or legatee shall perform them. Anyone who fails to perform the obligations without proper reasons may, upon request by a relevant organization or individual, entail⁹ nullification of his right to inheritance by a people's court.

 

第二十二条 无行为能力人或者限制行为能力人所立的遗嘱无效。

Article 22 Wills made by persons with no capacity or with limited capacity shall be void. 

 

遗嘱必须表示遗嘱人的真实意思，受胁迫、欺骗所立的遗嘱无效。

Wills shall manifest the genuine intention of the testators; those made under duress¹⁰ or as a result of fraud shall be void.

 

伪造的遗嘱无效。

Forged wills shall be void.

 

遗嘱被篡改的，篡改的内容无效。

Where a will has been tampered¹¹ with, the affected¹² parts of it shall be void.

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