第二章 公民（自然人）  

Chapter II Citizen (Natural Person) 

 

第一节 民事权利能力和民事行为能力 

Section 1 Capacity for Civil Rights and Capacity for Civil Conduct. 

 

第九条 公民从出生时起到死亡时止，具有民事权利能力，依法享有民事权利，承担民事义务。 

Article 9 A citizen shall have the capacity for civil rights from birth to death and shall enjoy civil rights and assume civil obligations in accordance with the law. 

 

第十条 公民的民事权利能力一律平等。 

Article 10 All citizens are equal as regards their capacity for civil rights. 

 

第十一条 十八周岁以上的公民是成年人，具有完全民事行为能力，可以独立进行民事活动，是完全民事行为能力人。 

Article 11 A citizen aged¹ 18 or over shall be an adult. He shall have full capacity for civil conduct, may independently engage in civil activities and shall be called a person with full capacity for civil conduct. 

 

十六周岁以上不满十八周岁的公民，以自己的劳动收入为主要生活来源的，视为完全民事行为能力人。 

A citizen who has reached the age of 16 but not the age of 18 and whose main source of income is his own labour shall be regarded as a person with full capacity for civil conduct. 

 

第十二条 十周岁以上的未成年人是限制民事行为能力人，可以进行与他的年龄、智力相适应的民事活动；其他民事活动由他的法定代理人代理，或者征得他的法定代理人的同意。 

Article 12 A minor² aged 10 or over shall be a person with limited capacity for civil conduct and may engage in civil activities appropriate to his age and intellect; in other civil activities, he shall be represented by his agent ad litem or participate with the consent of his agent ad litem. 

 

不满十周岁的未成年人是无民事行为能力人，由他的法定代理人代理民事活动。 

A minor under the age of 10 shall be a person having no capacity for civil conduct and shall be represented in civil activities by his agent ad litem. 

 

第十三条 不能辨认自己行为的精神病人是无民事行为能力人，由他的法定代理人代理民事活动。 

Article 13 A mentally ill person who is unable to account for his own conduct shall be a person having no capacity for civil conduct and shall be represented in civil activities by his agent ad litem. 

 

不能完全辨认自己行为的精神病人是限制民事行为能力人，可以进行与他的精神健康状况相适应的民事活动； 

A mentally ill person who is unable to fully³ account for his own conduct shall be a person with limited capacity for civil conduct and may engage in civil activities appropriate to his mental health;  

 

其他民事活动由他的法定代理人代理，或者征得他的法定代理人的同意。 

in other civil activities, he shall be represented by his agent ad litem or participate with the consent of his agent ad litem. 

 

第十四条 无民事行为能力人、限制民事行为能力人的监护人是他的法定代理人。 

Article 14 The guardian⁴ of a person without or with limited capacity for civil conduct shall be his agent ad litem. 

 

第十五条 公民以他的户籍所在地的居住地为住所，经常居住地与住所不一致的，经常居住地视为住所。 

Article 15 The domicile of a citizen shall be the place where his residence is registered; if his habitual⁵ residence is not the same as his domicile, his habitual residence shall be regarded as his domicile.

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