第五章 民事权利 第一节 财产所有权和与财产所有权有关的财产权 

Chapter V Civil Rights Section 1 Property Ownership and Related Property Rights 

 

第七十一条 财产所有权是指所有人依法对自己的财产享有占有、使用、收益和处分的权利。 

Article 71 "Property ownership" means the owner's rights to lawfully² possess, utilize³, profit from and dispose of his property. 

 

第七十二条 财产所有权的取得，不得违反法律规定。 

Article 72 Property ownership shall not be obtained in violation⁴ of the law. 

 

按照合同或者其他合法方式取得财产的，财产所有权从财产交付时起转移，法律另有规定或者当事人另有约定的除外。 

Unless the law stipulates⁵ otherwise or the parties concerned have agreed on other arrangements, the ownership of property obtained by contract or by other lawful¹ means shall be transferred simultaneously⁶ with the property itself. 

 

第七十三条 国家财产属于全民所有。 

Article 73 State property shall be owned by the whole people. 

 

国家财产神圣不可侵犯，禁止任何组织或者个人侵占、哄抢、私分、截留、破坏。 

State property is sacred and inviolable, and no organization or individual shall be allowed to seize, encroach upon, privately⁷ divide, retain or destroy it. 

 

第七十四条 劳动群众集体组织的财产属于劳动群众集体所有，包括： 

Article 74 Property of collective organizations of the working masses shall be owned collectively by the working masses. This shall include: 

 

（一）法律规定为集体所有的土地和森林、山岭、草原、荒地、滩涂等； 

(1) land, forests, mountains, grasslands⁸, unreclaimed land, beaches and other areas that are stipulated⁹ by law to be under collective ownership; 

 

（二）集体经济组织的财产； 

(2) property of collective economic organizations; 

 

（三）集体所有的建筑物、水库、农田水利设施和教育、科学、文化、卫生、体育等设施； 

(3) collectively owned buildings, reservoirs, farm irrigation facilities and educational, scientific, cultural, health, sports and other facilities;  

 

（四）集体所有的其他财产。 

and (4) other property that is collectively owned. 

 

集体所有的土地依照法律属于村农民集体所有，由村农业生产合作社等农业集体经济组织或者村民委员会经营、管理。 

Collectively owned land shall be owned collectively by the village peasants in accordance with the law and shall be worked and managed by village agricultural production cooperatives, other collective agricultural economic organizations or villages' committees.  

 

已经属于乡（镇）农民集体经济组织所有的，可以属于乡（镇）农民集体所有。 

Land already under the ownership of the township (town) peasants' collective economic organizations may be collectively owned by the peasants of the township (town).  

 

集体所有的财产受法律保护，禁止任何组织或者个人侵占、哄抢、私分、破坏或者非法查封、扣押、冻结、没收。 

Collectively owned property shall be protected by law, and no organization or individual may seize, encroach upon, privately divide, destroy or illegally seal up, distrain¹⁰, freeze or confiscate¹¹ it. 

 

第七十五条 公民的个人财产，包括公民的合法收入、房屋、储蓄、生活用品、文物、图书资料、林木、牲畜和法律允许公民所有的生产资料以及其他合法财产。 

Article 75 A citizen's personal property shall include his lawfully earned income, housing, savings¹², articles for daily use, objects d'art, books, reference materials, trees, livestock¹³, as well as means of production the law permits a citizen to possess and other lawful property.  

 

公民的合法财产受法律保护，禁止任何组织或者个人侵占、哄抢、破坏或者非法查封、扣押、冻结、没收。 

A citizen's lawful property shall be protected by law, and no organization or individual may appropriate, encroach upon, destroy or illegally seal up, distrain, freeze or confiscate it. 

 

第七十六条 公民依法享有财产继承权。 

Article 76 Citizens shall have the right of inheritance under the law. 

 

第七十七条 社会团体包括宗教团体的合法财产受法律保护。 

Article 77 The lawful property of social organizations, including religious organizations, shall be protected by law. 

 

第七十八条 财产可以由两个以上的公民、法人共有。 

Article 78 Property may be owned jointly¹⁵ by two or more citizens or legal persons. 

 

共有分为按份共有和共同共有。按份共有人按照各自的份额，对共有财产分享权利，分担义务。共同共有人对共有财产享有权利，承担义务。 

There shall be two kinds of joint¹⁴ ownership, namely co-ownership by shares and common ownership. Each of the co-owners by shares shall enjoy the rights and assume the obligations respecting the joint property in proportion to his share. Each of the common owners shall enjoy the rights and assume the obligations respecting the joint property.  #p#分页标题#e#

 

按份共有财产的每个共有人有权要求将自己的份额分出或者转让。 

Each co-owner by shares shall have the right to withdraw his own share of the joint property or transfer its ownership.  

 

但在出售时，其他共有人在同等条件下，有优先购买的权利。 

However, when he offers to sell his share, the other co-owners shall have a right of pre-emption if all other conditions are equal. 

 

第七十九条 所有人不明的埋藏物、隐藏物，归国家所有。接收单位应当对上缴的单位或者个人，给予表扬或者物质奖励。 

Article 79 If the owner of a buried or concealed¹⁶ object is unknown, the object shall belong to the state. The unit that receives the object shall commend or give a material reward to the unit or individual that turns in the object. 

 

拾得遗失物、漂流物或者失散的饲养动物，应当归还失主，因此而支出的费用由失主偿还。 

Lost-and-found objects, flotsam and stray animals shall be returned to their rightful owners, and any costs thus incurred¹⁷ shall be reimbursed¹⁸ by the owners. 

 

第八十条 国家所有的土地，可以依法由全民所有制单位使用，也可以依法确定由集体所有制单位使用，国家保护它的使用、收益的权利；使用单位有管理、保护、合理利用的义务。 

Article 80 State-owned land may be used according to law by units under ownership by the whole people; it may also be lawfully assigned for use by units under collective ownership. The state shall protect the usufruct of the land, and the usufructuary shall be obligated to manage, protect and properly use the land. 

 

公民、集体依法对集体所有的或者国家所有由集体使用的土地的承包经营权，受法律保护。 

The right of citizens and collectives to contract for management of land under collective ownership or of state-owned land under collective use shall be protected by law.  

 

承包双方的权利和义务，依照法律由承包合同规定。 

The rights and obligations of the two contracting parties shall be stipulated in the contract signed in accordance with the law. 

 

土地不得买卖、出租、抵押或者以其他形式非法转让。 

Land may not be sold, leased, mortgaged or illegally transferred by any other means.

 

第八十一条 国家所有的森林、山岭、草原、荒地、滩涂、水面等自然资源，可以依法由全民所有制单位使用，也可以依法确定由集体所有制单位使用，国家保护它的使用、收益的权利；使用单位有管理、保护、合理利用的义务。 

Article 81 State-owned forests, mountains, grasslands, unreclaimed land, beaches, water surfaces and other natural resources may be used according to law by units under ownership by the whole people; or they may also be lawfully assigned for use by units under collective ownership. The state shall protect the usufruct of those resources, and the usufructuary shall be obliged to manage, protect and properly use them. 

 

国家所有的矿藏，可以依法由全民所有制单位和集体所有制单位开采，也可以依法由公民采挖。国家保护合法的采矿权。 

State-owned mineral resources may be mined according to law by units under ownership by the whole people and units under collective ownership; 

 

公民、集体依法对集体所有的或者国家所有由集体使用的森林、山岭、草原、荒地、滩涂、水面的承包经营权，受法律保护。 

citizens may also lawfully mine such resources. The state shall protect lawful mining rights. 

 

承包双方的权利和义务，依照法律由承包合同规定。 

The rights and obligations of the two contracting parties shall be stipulated in the contract in accordance with the law. 

 

国家所有的矿藏、水流，国家所有的和法律规定属于集体所有的林地、山岭、草原、荒地、滩涂不得买卖、出租、抵押或者以其他形式非法转让。 

State-owned mineral resources and waters as well as forest land, mountains, grasslands, unreclaimed land and beaches owned by the state and those that are lawfully owned by collectives may not be sold, leased, mortgaged or illegally transferred by any other means. 

 

第八十二条 全民所有制企业对国家授予它经营管理的财产依法享有经营权，受法律保护。 

Article 82 Enterprises under ownership by the whole people shall lawfully enjoy the rights of management over property that the state has authorized¹⁹ them to manage and operate, and the rights shall be protected by law. 

 

第八十三条 不动产的相邻各方，应当按照有利生产、方便生活、团结互助、公平合理的精神，正确处理截水、排水、通行、通风、采光等方面的相邻关系。给相邻方造成妨碍或者损失的，应当停止侵害，排除妨碍，赔偿损失。 

Article 83 In the spirit of helping²⁰ production, making things convenient for people's lives, enhancing unity²¹ and mutual²² assistance, and being fair and reasonable, neighbouring users of real estate shall maintain proper neighbourly relations over such matters as water supply, drainage, passageway, ventilation and lighting²³. Anyone who causes obstruction²⁴ or damage to his neighbour, shall stop the infringement²⁵, eliminate the obstruction and compensate²⁶ for the damage.#p#分页标题#e#

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