中华人民共和国民法通则 20_法律英语

中华人民共和国民法通则 20

文章来源：未知文章作者：enread 发布时间：2015-09-28 05:23 字体： [大中小]　进入论坛

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第六章民事责任第三节侵权的民事责任

Section 3 Civil Liability for Infringement² of Rights

第一百一十七条侵占国家的、集体的财产或者他人财产的，应当返还财产，不能返还财产的，应当折价赔偿。

Article 117 Anyone who encroaches on the property of the state, a collective or another person shall return the property; failing that, he shall reimburse³ its estimated price.

损坏国家的、集体的财产或者他人财产的，应当恢复原状或者折价赔偿。

Anyone who damages the property of the state, a collective or another person shall restore the property to its original condition or reimburse its estimated price.

受害人因此遭受其他重大损失的，侵害人并应当赔偿损失。

If the victim suffers other great losses therefrom, the infringer⁴ shall compensate⁵ for those losses as well.

第一百一十八条公民、法人的著作权（版权）、专利权、商标专用权、发现权、发明权和其他科技成果权受到剽窃、篡改、假冒等侵害的，有权要求停止侵害，消除影响，赔偿损失。

Article 118 If the rights of authorship (copyrights), patent rights, rights to exclusive use of trademarks⁶, rights of discovery, rights of invention or rights for scientific and technological⁷ research achievements of citizens or legal persons are infringed⁸ upon by such means as plagiarism⁹, alteration¹⁰ or imitation, they shall have the right to demand that the infringement be stopped, its ill effects be eliminated and the damages be compensated¹¹ for.

第一百一十九条侵害公民身体造成伤害的，应当赔偿医疗费、因误工减少的收入、残废者生活补助费等费用；造成死亡的，并应当支付丧葬费、死者生前扶养的人必要的生活费等费用。

Article 119 Anyone who infringes¹² upon a citizen's person and causes him physical injury shall pay his medical expenses and his loss in income due to missed working time and shall pay him living subsidies¹³ if he is disabled; if the victim dies, the infringe¹ shall also pay the funeral expenses, the necessary living expenses of the deceased's dependents and other such expenses.

第一百二十条公民的姓名权、肖像权、名誉权、荣誉权受到侵害的，有权要求停止侵害，恢复名誉，消除影响，赔礼道歉，并可以要求赔偿损失。

Article 120 If a citizen's right of personal name, portrait, reputation or honour is infringed upon, he shall have the right to demand that the infringement be stopped, his reputation be rehabilitated¹⁴, the ill effects be eliminated and an apology be made; he may also demand compensation for losses.

法人的名称权、名誉权、荣誉权受到侵害的，适用前款规定。

The above paragraph shall also apply to infringements¹⁵ upon a legal person's right of name, reputation or honour.

第一百二十一条国家机关或者国家机关工作人员在执行职务中，侵犯公民、法人的合法权益造成损害的，应当承担民事责任。

Article 121 If a state organ or its personnel, while executing its duties, encroaches upon the lawful¹⁶ rights and interests of a citizen or legal person and causes damage, it shall bear civil liability.

第一百二十二条因产品质量不合格造成他人财产、人身损害的，产品制造者、销售者应当依法承担民事责任。运输者、仓储者对此负有责任的，产品制造者、销售者有权要求赔偿损失。

Article 122 If a substandard product causes property damage or physical injury to others, the manufacturer or seller shall bear civil liability according to law. If the transporter or storekeeper is responsible for the matter, the manufacturer or seller shall have the right to demand compensation for its losses.

第一百二十三条从事高空、高压、易燃、易爆、剧毒、放射性、高速运输工具等对周围环境有高度危险的作业造成他人损害的，应当承担民事责任；如果能够证明损害是由受害人故意造成的，不承担民事责任。

Article 123 If any person causes damage to other people by engaging in operations that are greatly hazardous¹⁷ to the surroundings, such as operations conducted high aboveground, or those involving high pressure, high voltage, combustibles, explosives, highly toxic¹⁸ or radioactive substances or high- speed means of transport, he shall bear civil liability; however, if it can be proven that the damage was deliberately¹⁹ caused by the victim, he shall not bear civil liability.

第一百二十四条违反国家保护环境防止污染的规定，污染环境造成他人损害的，应当依法承担民事责任。

Article 124 Any person who pollutes the environment and causes damage to others in violation²⁰ of state provisions for environmental protection and the prevention of pollution shall bear civil liability in accordance with the law.

第一百二十五条在公共场所、道旁或者通道上挖坑、修缮安装地下设施等，没有设置明显标志和采取安全措施造成他人损害的，施工人应当承担民事责任。

Article 125 Any constructor who engages in excavation²¹, repairs or installation of underground facilities in a public place, on a roadside or in a passageway without setting up clear signs and adopting safety measures and thereby²² causes damage to others shall bear civil liability. #p#分页标题#e#

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收听单词发音

1 infringe
v.违反，触犯，侵害
参考例句：
The jury ruled that he had infringed no rules.陪审团裁决他没有违反任何规定。 He occasionally infringe the law by parking near a junction.他因偶尔将车停放在交叉口附近而违反规定。

2 infringement
n.违反；侵权
参考例句：
Infringement of this regulation would automatically rule you out of the championship.违背这一规则会被自动取消参加锦标赛的资格。 The committee ruled that the US ban constituted an infringement of free trade.委员会裁定美国的禁令对自由贸易构成了侵犯

3 reimburse
v.补偿，付还
参考例句：
We'll reimburse you for your travelling expenses.我们将付还你旅费。 The funds are supposed to reimburse policyholders in the event of insurer failure.这项基金将在保险公司不能偿付的情况下对投保人进行赔付。

4 infringer
[法] 侵权人
参考例句：
The infringement exists even if the infringer did not know about the patent. 即使侵权人不了解专利侵权依然存在。来自互联网 Those members also expressed concern regarding the calculation of damages based on the infringer's profits. 这些成员还对以侵权人利润为基础计算损失的做法表示关注。来自互联网

5 compensate
vt.补偿，赔偿；酬报 vi.弥补；补偿；抵消
参考例句：
She used her good looks to compensate her lack of intelligence. 她利用她漂亮的外表来弥补智力的不足。 Nothing can compensate for the loss of one's health. 一个人失去了键康是不可弥补的。

6 trademarks
n.（注册）商标( trademark的名词复数 )；（人的行为或衣着的）特征，标记
参考例句：
Motrin and Nuprin are trademarks of brands of ibuprofen tablets. Nuprin和Motrin均是布洛芬的商标。来自《简明英汉词典》 Many goods in China have the trademarks of a panda. 中国的许多商品都带有熊猫的商标。来自《简明英汉词典》

7 technological
adj.技术的；工艺的
参考例句：
A successful company must keep up with the pace of technological change.一家成功的公司必须得跟上技术变革的步伐。 Today,the pace of life is increasing with technological advancements.当今，随着科技进步，生活节奏不断增快。

8 infringed
v.违反（规章等）( infringe的过去式和过去分词 )；侵犯（某人的权利）；侵害（某人的自由、权益等）
参考例句：
Wherever the troops went, they never infringed on the people's interests. 大军过处，秋毫无犯。来自《现代汉英综合大词典》 He was arrested on a charge of having infringed the Election Law. 他因被指控触犯选举法而被拘捕。来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

9 plagiarism
n.剽窃，抄袭
参考例句：
Teachers in America fight to control cheating and plagiarism.美国老师们努力对付欺骗和剽窃的问题。 Now he's in real trouble.He's accused of plagiarism.现在他是真遇到麻烦了。他被指控剽窃。

10 alteration
n.变更，改变；蚀变
参考例句：
The shirt needs alteration.这件衬衣需要改一改。 He easily perceived there was an alteration in my countenance.他立刻看出我的脸色和往常有些不同。

11 compensated
补偿，报酬( compensate的过去式和过去分词 )；给（某人）赔偿（或赔款）
参考例句：
The marvelous acting compensated for the play's weak script. 本剧的精彩表演弥补了剧本的不足。 I compensated his loss with money. 我赔偿他经济损失。

12 infringes
v.违反（规章等）( infringe的第三人称单数 )；侵犯（某人的权利）；侵害（某人的自由、权益等）
参考例句：
Congressmen may be reluctant to vote for legislation that infringes the traditional prerogatives of the states. 美国国会议员可能不情愿投票拥护侵犯各州传统特权的立法。来自英汉非文学 - 环境法 - 环境法 I can't say whether CP21 infringes it or not. 我就不能说CP21是否侵犯了SPOT的专利。来自企业管理英语口语（第二版）(2)

13 subsidies
n.补贴，津贴，补助金( subsidy的名词复数 )
参考例句：
European agriculture ministers failed to break the deadlock over farm subsidies. 欧洲各国农业部长在农业补贴问题上未能打破僵局。 Agricultural subsidies absorb about half the EU's income. 农业补贴占去了欧盟收入的大约一半。来自《简明英汉词典》

14 rehabilitated
改造（罪犯等）( rehabilitate的过去式和过去分词 )；使恢复正常生活；使恢复原状；修复
参考例句：
He has been rehabilitated in public esteem. 公众已恢复对他的敬重。 Young persons need to be, wherever possible, rehabilitated rather than punished. 未成年人需要受到尽可能的矫正而不是惩罚。

15 infringements
n.违反( infringement的名词复数 )；侵犯，伤害
参考例句：
It'seems to me we've got to decide on wider issues than possible patent infringements. 我认为我们不能只考虑侵犯专利可能性这一问题，要对更大的一些问题做出决策。来自企业管理英语口语（第二版）(2) Wikipedia relies on its users to correct errors and spot copyright infringements. 维基百科主要依靠用户来纠正错误，并发现版权侵权行为。来自互联网

16 lawful
adj.法律许可的，守法的，合法的
参考例句：
It is not lawful to park in front of a hydrant.在消火栓前停车是不合法的。 We don't recognised him to be the lawful heir.我们不承认他为合法继承人。

17 hazardous
adj.(有)危险的，冒险的；碰运气的
参考例句：
These conditions are very hazardous for shipping.这些情况对航海非常不利。 Everybody said that it was a hazardous investment.大家都说那是一次危险的投资。

18 toxic
adj.有毒的，因中毒引起的
参考例句：
The factory had accidentally released a quantity of toxic waste into the sea.这家工厂意外泄漏大量有毒废物到海中。 There is a risk that toxic chemicals might be blasted into the atmosphere.爆炸后有毒化学物质可能会进入大气层。

19 deliberately
adv.审慎地；蓄意地；故意地
参考例句：
The girl gave the show away deliberately.女孩故意泄露秘密。 They deliberately shifted off the argument.他们故意回避这个论点。

20 violation
n.违反(行为)，违背(行为)，侵犯
参考例句：
He roared that was a violation of the rules.他大声说，那是违反规则的。 He was fined 200 dollars for violation of traffic regulation.他因违反交通规则被罚款200美元。

21 excavation
n.挖掘，发掘；被挖掘之地
参考例句：
The bad weather has hung up the work of excavation.天气不好耽误了挖掘工作。 The excavation exposed some ancient ruins.这次挖掘暴露出一些古遗迹。

22 thereby
adv.因此，从而
参考例句：
I have never been to that city,,ereby I don't know much about it.我从未去过那座城市，因此对它不怎么熟悉。 He became a British citizen,thereby gaining the right to vote.他成了英国公民，因而得到了投票权。

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