第九条　中华人民共和国公民有受教育的权利和义务。 

Article 9 Citizens of the People's Republic of China shall have the right and obligation to receive education.

 

公民不分民族、种族、性别、职业、财产状况、宗教信仰等，依法享有平等的受教育机会。 

All citizens, regardless of ethnic¹ group, race, sex, occupation, property status or religious belief, shall enjoy equal opportunities for education according to law.

 

第十条　国家根据各少数民族的特点和需要，帮助各少数民族地区发展教育事业。 

Article 10 The State, in light of the characteristics and needs of the different minority ethnic groups, provides assistance to the development of educational undertakings² in regions inhabited by the minority ethnic groups.

 

国家扶持边远贫困地区发展教育事业。 

The State supports and assists the development of educational undertakings in the outlying and poverty-stricken areas.

 

国家扶持和发展残疾人教育事业。 

The State supports and develops educational undertakings for the disabled.

 

第十一条　国家适应社会主义市场经济发展和社会进步的需要，推进教育改革，促进各级各类教育协调发展，建立和完善终身教育体系。 

Article 11 To meet the needs of developing a socialist³ market economy and promoting social progress, the State carries forward educational reform, fosters a coordinated⁴ development of education at various levels and of various types, and establishes and improves a system of life-long education.

 

国家支持、鼓励和组织教育科学研究，推广教育科学研究成果，促进教育质量提高。 

The State supports, encourages and organizes scientific research in education, disseminate⁵ the results of scientific research in education so as to enhance the quality of education.

 

第十二条　汉语言文字为学校及其他教育机构的基本教学语言文字。少数民族学生为主的学校及其他教育机构，可以使用本民族或者当地民族通用的语言文字进行教学。 

Article 12 The spoken and written Chinese language shall be the basic spoken and written language in teaching in schools and other institutions of education. In schools and other institutions of education in which students of a minority ethnic group constitute the majority, the spoken and written language used by the specific ethnic group or commonly used by the local ethnic groups may be used for instruction.

 

学校及其他教育机构进行教学，应当推广使用全国通用的普通话和规范字。 

Putonghua (common speech based on Beijing pronunciation) and the standar-dized characters designed for use throughout the country shall be widely used in instruction in schools and other institutions of education.

 

第十三条　国家对发展教育事业做出突出贡献的组织和个人，给予奖励。 

Article 13 The State awards units or individuals that have made outstanding achievements in the development of education.

 

第十四条　国务院和地方各级人民政府根据分级管理、分工负责的原则，领导和管理教育工作。 

Article 14 The State Council and the local people's governments at various levels shall guide and administer educational work under the principles of admini-stration by different levels and of a division of responsibilities.

 

中等及中等以下教育在国务院领导下，由地方人民政府管理。 

Secondary education and education at lower levels shall be administered by the local people's governments under the guidance of the State Council.

 

高等教育由国务院和省、自治区、直辖市人民政府管理。 

Higher education shall be administered by the State Council, and/or the people's governments of provinces, autonomous⁷ regions, or municipalities directly under the Central Government.

 

第十五条　国务院教育行政部门主管全国教育工作，统筹规划、协调管理全国的教育事业。 

Article 15 The administrative⁸ department of education under the State Council shall be in charge of the nationwide educational work, and undertake overall planning, coordination⁹ and management of the educational undertakings throughout the country.

 

县级以上地方各级人民政府教育行政部门主管本行政区域内的教育工作。 

The administrative departments of education under the people's governments at or above the county level shall be in charge of the educational work in their respective administrative regions.

 

县级以上各级人民政府其他有关部门在各自的职责范围内，负责有关的教育工作。 

Other departments concerned under the people's governments at or above the county level shall be responsible for the related educational work within the scope of their functions and duties.

 

第十六条　国务院和县级以上地方各级人民政府应当向本级人民代表大会或者其常务委员会报告教育工作和教育经费预算、决算情况，接受监督。 #p#分页标题#e#

Article 16 The State Council and the local people's governments at or above the county level shall report to the people's congresses at the corresponding levels or their standing⁶ committees on the work of education and on the budgets and final accounts of the operating expenses for education, which shall be subject to supervision¹⁰.e

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