涉外合同格式
文章来源: 文章作者: 发布时间:2007-03-30 06:15 字体: [ ]  进入论坛
(单词翻译:双击或拖选)
涉外合同按繁简不同,尽管可以采取不同书面形式,如正式合同(Contract)、协议书(Agreement)、确认书(Confirmation)、备忘录(Memorandum)、订单(Order)等等,但是一般都包含如下几个部分:

  一、合同名称(Title)

  二、前文(Preamble1

  1. 订约日期和地点

  Date and place of signing

  2. 合同当事人及其国籍、主营业所或住所

  Signing parties and their nationalities, principal place of business or residence addresses

  3. 当事人合法依据

  Each party's authority,比如,该公司是"按当地法律正式组织而存在的"(a corporation duly organized and existing under the laws of XXX)

  4. 订约缘由/说明条款

  Recitals2 or WHEREAS clause

  三、本文(Body)

  1. 定义条款(Definition clause)

  2. 基本条款(Basic conditions)

  3. 一般条款(General terms and conditions)

  a. 合同有效期(Duration)

  b. 合同的终止(Termination)

  c. 不可抗力(Force Majeure)

  d. 合同的让与(Assignment)

  e. 仲裁(Arbitration3

  f. 适用的法律(Governing law)

  g. 诉讼管辖(Jurisdiction4

  h. 通知手续(Notice)

  i. 合同修改(Amendment5

  j. 其它(Others)

  四、结尾条款(WITNESS clause)

  1. 结尾语,包括份数、使用的文字和效力等(Concluding sentence)

  2. 签名(Signature)

  3. 盖印(Seal)

  以上的格式和内容并非一成不变,当事人可以根据各自交易情况做出调整或增删。

  用词方面

  一、多用正式或法律上的用词,比如:

  · At the request of Party B, Party A agrees to send technicians to assist Party B to install the equipment.

  应乙方要求,甲方同意派遣技术人员帮助乙方安装设备。 assist 较 help 正式;

  · The personnel shall not to partake in any political activities in Iraq.

  所有人员不得参加伊拉克国内的任何政治活动。partake in 较 take part in 正式;

  · The Employer shall render correct technical guidance to the personnel.

  雇主应该对有关人员给予正确技术指导。 render 较 give 正式;

  · Party A shall repatriate6 the patient to China and bear the cost of his passage to Guangzhou.

  甲方应将病人遣返中国并负责其返回广州的旅费。 repatriate 较 send back 正式;

  · This Contract shall be governed by and construed8 in accordance with the laws of China.

  本合同受中国法律管辖,并按中国法律解释。construe7 较 explain, interpret 正式;

  · The Employer may object to and require the Contractor9 to replace forthwith any of its authorized10 representatives who is incompetent11.

  雇主认为承包人委派的授权代表不合格时,可以反对并要求立即撤换。require较ask正式;公文体forthwith 较 at once 正式;

  · The Chairperson may convene12 an interim13 meeting based on a proposal made by one-third of the total number of directors.

  董事长可以根据董事会过1/3董事的提议而召集临时董事会议。convene, interim 都是正式用词。

  · In case one party desires to sell or assign all or part of its investment subscribed14, the other party shall have the preemptive right.

  如一方想出售或转让其投资之全部或部分,另一方有优先购买权。法律用词assign 较 transfer 正式.

  · In processing transactions, the manufacturers shall never have title either to the materials or the finished products.

  加工贸易中,厂方无论是对原料还是成品都无所有权。 法律用词title 较 ownership 正式.

  · The term "Effective date" means the date on which this Agreement is duly executed by the parties hereto.

  "生效期"指双方合同签字的日子。 法律用词execute 较 sign 正式.

  与口头表述不同,合同是法律性的正式书面文件,使用正式的、法律的用词是必要的。合同起草者应多加强这方面的学习。

  二、多使用"here","there","where"等前缀:

  hereafter = after this time; 今后

  hereby = by means/reason of this; 特此

  herein = in this; 此中,于此

  hereinafter = later in this contract; 在下文

  thereafter = afterwards; 此后,后来

  thereby15 = by that means; 因此;由此;在那方面

  therein = from that; 在那里;在那点上

  thereinafter = later in the same contract; 以下;在下文

  whereby = by what; by which; 由是;凭那个

  wherein = in what; in which; 在哪里;在哪点上

  ……

  是不是有点头昏眼花?初学时确实容易搞混,告诉你个小窍门,here 代表 this,there 代表 that,where 代表 what/which,就容易记多了。

  三、多用"shall"代替"will"或"should"加强语气和强制力。

  · This Contract shall become effective upon and from the date on which it is signed.

  本合同签字生效。

  · This Contract shall be written in English in four copies. Each party shall keep two copies.

  本合同应以英文写成,一式四份,双方各持两份。

  合同中,shall并非单纯表示将来时,而常用来表示法律上可强制执行的义务,具有约束力,宜译为"应"、"应该"、"必须"; will无论语气还是强制力要比shall弱,宜译为"将"、"原"、"要";should通常只用来表示语气较强的假设、比如"万一"。

  用语方面

  一、力求严谨,明白无误:

  · The following documents shall be deemed to form and be read and construed as an integral part of this Contract.

  下列文件应被认为、读作、解释为本合同的组成部分;

  · This Contract can only be altered, amended16 or supplemented in accordance with documents signed and sealed by authorized representatives of both parties.

  本合同只能按照双方授权代表签名盖章的文件进行修改或增补;

  · All activities of ABC Co. shall be governed by the laws, decrees and pertinent17 rules and regulations of China.

  ABC公司的一切活动必须受中国的法律、法令和有关规章条例的管辖。

  二、多用主动语态,少用被动语态:

  · Party B is hereby appointed by Party A as its exclusive sales agent in Singapore. (不宜)

  乙方被甲方委托为在新加坡的独家销售代理商;

  · Party A hereby appoints Party B as its exclusive sales agent in Singapore. (适宜)

  甲方委托乙方为在新加坡的独家销售代理商;

  三、多用现在时,少用将来时,尽管很多条款规定的是合同签订以后的事项:

  · Licensee may terminate this Contract 90 days after a written notice thereof is sent to Licensor18 upon the happening of one of the following events:

  当有下列事件之一发生,被许可人提前90天向许可人发送书面通知后,可以终止合同:

  1. Licensor becomes insolvent19 or a liquidator of Licensor is appointed;

  许可人无力偿付债务或其破产清算人以被指定;

  2. The patent described in Article 2 is not issued within 30 days from signing this Contract; and

  第二条规定的专利未在签约后30天之内发布;

  3. Licensor fails to perform its obligations under this Contract.

  许可人未能履行其合同义务。

  四、直接表达方式用得多,间接表达方式用的较少:

  · This Article does not apply to bondholders who have not been paid in full. (用得少)

  本条款不适用于尚未全部偿付的债券持有者。

  · This Article applies only to bondholders who have been paid in full. (用得多)

  本条款只适用于已全部偿付的债券持有者。

  五、尽量使用一个动词,避免使用"动词+名词+介词"的同意短语:

  · Party A shall make an appointment of its representative within 30 days after signing the Contract.

  甲方应于签约后30天内指派其授权代表。宜用appoint代替 make an appointment of.

  · Party A will give consideration to Party B's proposal of exclusive agency.

  甲方愿意考虑乙方独家代理的建议。宜用consider代替give consideration to.

  六、下列特殊用语使用频繁:

  1. WHEREAS 鉴于

  正式而重要的合同,尤其是英美法系的合同,多用它在前文中引出签约背景和目的,起连词作用:

  WHEREAS the Employer is desirous that manpower can be rendered available for the construction of High-Rise Residential20 Complex in Baghdad, Iraq;

  鉴于雇主欲请劳动力建造伊拉克巴格达的高层住宅综合大楼;

  WHEREAS the Contractor is desirous to provide the manpower for the Works;

  鉴于承包人想为此工程提供劳动力;

  2. WITNESS 证明

  在合同前文中常用作首句的谓语动词:

  This Agreement, made by ……

  WITNESSES

  WHEREAS……, it is agreed as follows:

  本协议由……签订证明:鉴于……特此达成协议如下:

  3. IN WITNESS WHEREOF 作为所协议事项的证据:

  该短语常用于合同的结尾条款:

  IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have executed this Contract in duplicate by their duly authorized representatives on the date first above written.

  作为所协议事项的证据,双方授权代表于上面首次写明的日期正式签订本协议一式两份。

  4. IN CONSIDERATION OF 以……为约因/报酬

  约因是英美法系的合同有效成立要件之一,没有则合同不能依法强制履行。但是,大陆法系的合同则无此规定。

  Now Therefore, in consideration of the premises21 and the covenants22 herein, contained, the parties hereto agree as follows:

  兹以上述各点和契约所载条款为约因,订约双方协议如下:

  In consideration of the payment to be made by Party A to Party B, Party B hereby covenants with Party A to complete the building in conformity23 with the provisions of the Contract.

  乙方特此立约向甲方保证按合同规定完成工程建设,以取得甲方所付的报酬。

  5. NOW, THEREFORE 兹特

  此短语用于WHEREAS条款之后引出具体协议事项的常用开头语,并与其后hereby的结合。如果无HEREAS条款,则本短语可省略:

  NOW, THEREFORE, it's hereby agreed and understood as follows;

  兹特协议和谅解如下:

  6. NOW THESE PRESENTS WITNESS 兹特立约为据

  本句话也是用于WHEREAS条款之后引出具体协议事项。

  PRESENTS = the present writings 是主语,WITNESS是谓语:

  NOW THESE PRESENTS WITNESS that it is hereby agreed between the parties hereto as follows:

  兹特立约为据,并由订约双方协议如下:

  7. IN THE PRESENCE OF 见证人

  本短语只在有见证人时使用-在订约双方当事人签名的下方由见证人签名作证,一般是相关的律师(Attorney)或公证处(Notary Public):

  IN THE PRESENCE OF the parties hereto have hereunder set their respective hands and seals:

  作为协议事项的证据,订约双方各自签名盖章如下:

  For and on behalf the first Party(甲方代表):

  The EMPLOYER (雇主)…

  Capacity (职位) …

  In the Presence of (见证人) …

  Capacity (职位)…

  Address (地址)…

  For and on behalf of the Second party(乙方代表):

  The CONTRACTOR (承包人) …

  Capacity (职位)…

  In the Presence of (见证人) …

  Capacity (职位)…

  Address (地址)….

  涉外合同的其他表达方式

  涉外合同还采用下列表达方式,使其更加完整、简洁、醒目、结构严谨、主次分明:

  1. 采用大小标题、分章、分条、分款、分项书写。

  2. 使用附录(Annex24)、一览表(Schedule)等形式详列某些必要的细节作为合同的组成部分。

  3. 在合同前文之后使用定义(Definition)条款-把合同中反复出现的用语加以界定意义并赋予简称,既避免解释上的分歧,又能使合同简洁:

  Article 1: Definitions

  1.1 The Terms as used herein shall have the following meanings:

  1.1.1 The term "Products" means the products specified25 in Annex 2.

  1.1.2 The term "components26" means any assembled or unassembled parts of the Products.

  4. 合同某些需要强调的部分用大写字母书写以资醒目;

  This AGREEMENT … WITNESSES that WHEREAS … and WHEREAS … NOW THEREFORE, in consideration of it is hereby agreed as follows:

  5. 用"括号+简称"的方式把合同中反复出现的重要词语简化,以达到准确、简洁的目的:

  Foreign Advance Broadcasting Ltd of Amsterdam, Holland (hereinafter called 'LICENSOR") and China Broadcasting Products Factory (hereinafter called "LICENSEE") agree to sign this Contract with the terms and conditions as follows:

  6. 用"数字+文字"的方式把合同中某些重要的金额、数量、期限等加以强调,以资醒目:

  US $ 4500 (Say US. Dollars Four Thousand Five Hundred only)

  INVESTOR27 will assist CHINESE, PARTY to construct a paper mill in Guangdong Province, China, with a planned capacity of One Million (1000000) metric tons per year.

  涉外合同撰写人员的其他注意事项:

  一、要能草拟多样的涉外合同:

  · 要能写各种标的的合同,如以资金、技术、劳务、信息、运输等为标的的合同;

  · 要能写各种贸易方式的合同-不但会写单项贸易合同,也要会写包括多项贸易方式的合同,如包括商品购买、技术转 让、安装维修培训服务在内的整套设备进口合同。

  · 要能草拟符合各国法律要求的合同-较为复杂的英美法系的合同;较为简单的大陆法系的合同;有所差别的社会主义 法系的合同。

  二、正确理解和使用合同的形式:

  涉外合同订立的形式有口头和书面两种,使用哪一种要看国家法律的规定。鉴于我国涉外经济法第七条规定涉外合 同需以书面形式订立,所以通过信函、电报、传真达成的协议,也要签订确认书,才会受到我国法律的保护。

  三、简化合同格式和内容:

  坚持使用书面合同的原则的同时,可以根据实际情况简化合同格式和内容,简化的原则如下:

  · 贸易方式较简单的交易,可使用简便的表格式合同-将常用合同项目预先印成表格,然后把协商同意的内容逐项填入表中,送请对方核对签字;

  · 与大陆法系国家或其他国家的商人签约,没必要使用英美法系合同前文中的订约缘由条款。比如,可将"This Agreement, made …… WHEREAS …… and WHEREAS …… NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of …… it is hereby agreed as follows:"的冗长文句简化为:"This Agreement is made …… It is mutually agreed as follows:"

  · 有了"签约地点",一般可省去"适用法律"和"诉讼管辖"条款;

  · "通知手续"和"完整条款",若不是重要正式合同,可省略;

  · 已有双方合法代表亲笔签字,合同可以不再盖印;

  · 注意:合同的基本条款不能省略;不要因简化而忽略了合同的合法性、全面性、明确性和严密性。

  四、合同用词和用语的改革:

  与基础英语相比,合同的词语较复杂、繁冗、晦涩、难读。因此,国外,特别是美国要求法律文件的格式和语言应 当现代化的呼声愈来愈强烈。Robert E. Swindle早在美国1980年出版的The Business Communicator一书中就写到:" …… legal and quasilegal documents can and are being written in everyday language. Several leading companies are rewriting their legal forms voluntarily, and the State of New York recently passed a law requiring that businesses write consumer contracts in nontechnical language. Additionally, the President of the United States has directed all administrative28 agencies to write future regulations in what he termed plain English for a change."

  作为非英美发系的非英语国家,我们应该怎麽应对?Steven认为,万事都有个渐变的过程,长年累月沉淀下来的习惯不是一下就能改变的。所以我们首先还是应该先通晓传统的英语合同格式和用语,在精通的基础上,才能谈得上根据实际情况进行进一步的格式和用语方面的改革,否则,一切都是经不起推敲的。

中国法律英语网


点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 preamble 218ze     
n.前言;序文
参考例句:
  • He spoke without preamble.他没有开场白地讲起来。
  • The controversy has arisen over the text of the preamble to the unification treaty.针对统一条约的序文出现了争论。
2 recitals 751371ca96789c59fbc162a556dd350a     
n.独唱会( recital的名词复数 );独奏会;小型音乐会、舞蹈表演会等;一系列事件等的详述
参考例句:
  • His recitals have earned him recognition as a talented performer. 他的演奏会使他赢得了天才演奏家的赞誉。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • Her teachers love her playing, and encourage her to recitals. 她的老师欣赏她的演奏,并鼓励她举办独奏会。 来自互联网
3 arbitration hNgyh     
n.调停,仲裁
参考例句:
  • The wage disagreement is under arbitration.工资纠纷正在仲裁中。
  • Both sides have agreed that the arbitration will be binding.双方都赞同仲裁具有约束力。
4 jurisdiction La8zP     
n.司法权,审判权,管辖权,控制权
参考例句:
  • It doesn't lie within my jurisdiction to set you free.我无权将你释放。
  • Changzhou is under the jurisdiction of Jiangsu Province.常州隶属江苏省。
5 amendment Mx8zY     
n.改正,修正,改善,修正案
参考例句:
  • The amendment was rejected by 207 voters to 143.这项修正案以207票对143票被否决。
  • The Opposition has tabled an amendment to the bill.反对党已经就该议案提交了一项修正条款。
6 repatriate XB5zg     
v.遣返;返回;n.被遣返回国者
参考例句:
  • The government safely repatriates victims.政府安全遣返了受害者。
  • In this part,you need to formulate in detail repatriate the plan.在这一部分,你需要制定详细的归国计划。
7 construe 4pbzL     
v.翻译,解释
参考例句:
  • He had tried to construe a passage from Homer.他曾尝试注释荷马著作的一段文字。
  • You can construe what he said in a number of different ways.他的话可以有好几种解释。
8 construed b4b2252d3046746b8fae41b0e85dbc78     
v.解释(陈述、行为等)( construe的过去式和过去分词 );翻译,作句法分析
参考例句:
  • He considered how the remark was to be construed. 他考虑这话该如何理解。
  • They construed her silence as meaning that she agreed. 他们把她的沉默解释为表示赞同。 来自《简明英汉词典》
9 contractor GnZyO     
n.订约人,承包人,收缩肌
参考例句:
  • The Tokyo contractor was asked to kick $ 6000 back as commission.那个东京的承包商被要求退还6000美元作为佣金。
  • The style of house the contractor builds depends partly on the lay of the land.承包商所建房屋的式样,有几分要看地势而定。
10 authorized jyLzgx     
a.委任的,许可的
参考例句:
  • An administrative order is valid if authorized by a statute.如果一个行政命令得到一个法规的认可那么这个命令就是有效的。
11 incompetent JcUzW     
adj.无能力的,不能胜任的
参考例句:
  • He is utterly incompetent at his job.他完全不能胜任他的工作。
  • He is incompetent at working with his hands.他动手能力不行。
12 convene QpSzZ     
v.集合,召集,召唤,聚集,集合
参考例句:
  • The Diet will convene at 3p.m. tomorrow.国会将于明天下午三点钟开会。
  • Senior officials convened in October 1991 in London.1991年10月,高级官员在伦敦会齐。
13 interim z5wxB     
adj.暂时的,临时的;n.间歇,过渡期间
参考例句:
  • The government is taking interim measures to help those in immediate need.政府正在采取临时措施帮助那些有立即需要的人。
  • It may turn out to be an interim technology.这可能只是个过渡技术。
14 subscribed cb9825426eb2cb8cbaf6a72027f5508a     
v.捐助( subscribe的过去式和过去分词 );签署,题词;订阅;同意
参考例句:
  • It is not a theory that is commonly subscribed to. 一般人并不赞成这个理论。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • I subscribed my name to the document. 我在文件上签了字。 来自《简明英汉词典》
15 thereby Sokwv     
adv.因此,从而
参考例句:
  • I have never been to that city,,ereby I don't know much about it.我从未去过那座城市,因此对它不怎么熟悉。
  • He became a British citizen,thereby gaining the right to vote.他成了英国公民,因而得到了投票权。
16 Amended b2abcd9d0c12afefe22fd275996593e0     
adj. 修正的 动词amend的过去式和过去分词
参考例句:
  • He asked to see the amended version. 他要求看修订本。
  • He amended his speech by making some additions and deletions. 他对讲稿作了些增删修改。
17 pertinent 53ozF     
adj.恰当的;贴切的;中肯的;有关的;相干的
参考例句:
  • The expert made some pertinent comments on the scheme.那专家对规划提出了一些中肯的意见。
  • These should guide him to pertinent questions for further study.这些将有助于他进一步研究有关问题。
18 licensor 9a460cc331d32c6e9cad9a9f6a665fd3     
n.认可证颁发者(尤指批准书籍出版或戏剧演出的官员)
参考例句:
  • The licensor simply agrees to provide technology. 卖方只同意提供技术。 来自辞典例句
  • All rights not expressly granted by Licensor are hereby reserved. 所有未经授权人明示授与的权利,于此加以保留。 来自互联网
19 insolvent wb7zK     
adj.破产的,无偿还能力的
参考例句:
  • They lost orders and were insolvent within weeks.他们失去了订货,几周后就无法偿还债务。
  • The bank was declared insolvent.银行被宣布破产。
20 residential kkrzY3     
adj.提供住宿的;居住的;住宅的
参考例句:
  • The mayor inspected the residential section of the city.市长视察了该市的住宅区。
  • The residential blocks were integrated with the rest of the college.住宿区与学院其他部分结合在了一起。
21 premises 6l1zWN     
n.建筑物,房屋
参考例句:
  • According to the rules,no alcohol can be consumed on the premises.按照规定,场内不准饮酒。
  • All repairs are done on the premises and not put out.全部修缮都在家里进行,不用送到外面去做。
22 covenants 185d08f454ed053be6d340821190beab     
n.(有法律约束的)协议( covenant的名词复数 );盟约;公约;(向慈善事业、信托基金会等定期捐款的)契约书
参考例句:
  • Do I need to review the Deed of mutual Covenants (DMC)? 我是否需要覆核公共契约(DMC)吗? 来自互联网
  • Many listed and unlisted companies need to sell to address covenants. 许多上市公司和非上市公司需要出售手中资产,以满足借贷契约的要求。 来自互联网
23 conformity Hpuz9     
n.一致,遵从,顺从
参考例句:
  • Was his action in conformity with the law?他的行动是否合法?
  • The plan was made in conformity with his views.计划仍按他的意见制定。
24 annex HwzzC     
vt.兼并,吞并;n.附属建筑物
参考例句:
  • It plans to annex an England company in order to enlarge the market.它计划兼并一家英国公司以扩大市场。
  • The annex has been built on to the main building.主楼配建有附属的建筑物。
25 specified ZhezwZ     
adj.特定的
参考例句:
  • The architect specified oak for the wood trim. 那位建筑师指定用橡木做木饰条。
  • It is generated by some specified means. 这是由某些未加说明的方法产生的。
26 components 4725dcf446a342f1473a8228e42dfa48     
(机器、设备等的)构成要素,零件,成分; 成分( component的名词复数 ); [物理化学]组分; [数学]分量; (混合物的)组成部分
参考例句:
  • the components of a machine 机器部件
  • Our chemistry teacher often reduces a compound to its components in lab. 在实验室中化学老师常把化合物分解为各种成分。
27 investor aq4zNm     
n.投资者,投资人
参考例句:
  • My nephew is a cautious investor.我侄子是个小心谨慎的投资者。
  • The investor believes that his investment will pay off handsomely soon.这个投资者相信他的投资不久会有相当大的收益。
28 administrative fzDzkc     
adj.行政的,管理的
参考例句:
  • The administrative burden must be lifted from local government.必须解除地方政府的行政负担。
  • He regarded all these administrative details as beneath his notice.他认为行政管理上的这些琐事都不值一顾。
TAG标签:
发表评论
请自觉遵守互联网相关的政策法规,严禁发布色情、暴力、反动的言论。
评价:
表情:
验证码:点击我更换图片