At a bicycle-parts factory in the go-go city of Shenzhen, a grim drama began this month when a group of men barged into a factory office and confronted owner Lau Siu-fan.
A girl is saved and taken away by police officers after being kidnapped in suburbs of Shanghai on May 8, 2005. A man from Central China's Hunan Province held a girl hostage near a supermarket and forced the girl's father to drive his car to run away. Police officers succeeded in saving the girl by taking actions four hours later after efforts of negotiation1 failed. [newsphoto]
Still held hours later on Jan. 3, the Hong Kong businessman phoned his wife and said he had been beaten and his office was being looted. Lau told her he had repeatedly called police, though two officers came and left, declaring the affair a "business dispute."
The next afternoon Lau was spotted2 by a local reporter, still trapped in his office, in tears, and the captors vowed3 to hold him until he paid millions of Chinese yuan to a scrap-metal vendor4.
Since then, the businessman's and his wife's mobile phones have been turned off. Police say they know nothing of the case, and reporters have been turned away each time they attempt to visit the factory.
In the shadows of China's rapid economic ascent5, such cases pose a problem for the rich. A wave of kidnappings, extortion and related crimes is rising amid the wheeling and dealing6 on China's economic frontier.
In the first official data disclosed on kidnapping for ransom7, Chinese authorities reported 3,863 abductions in 2004. That is higher than the longtime world leader in kidnapping, Colombia, which recorded 3,000 abductions a year from 1996 to 2003——though Colombia has only a fraction of China's population. Security analysts8 suspect the true tally9 is higher in both countries, because most kidnappings go unreported.
'An old business'
"Kidnapping is an old business, but in the last 10 years it has exploded," said Tom Clayton, founder10 of San Diego-based Clayton Consultants11, a corporate12 security firm that handles kidnapping cases for the American International Group, known as AIG.
"We don't know where it's going in China. But it looks like the beginning of what we have seen in other countries over the past 25 or 30 years. They begin to take place when circumstances are right, generally meaning a lack of local authority and the money to make it worthwhile."
Companies that track kidnappings say criminal gangs are responsible for most of the world's cases, which generate hundreds of millions of dollars a year in ransom. A smaller share is orchestrated by armed insurgencies, as in Iraq, where on Jan. 7 American Jill Carroll became the 36th journalist abducted13 in that country since April 2004. An unknown number of other foreigners and Iraqis also have been abducted in Iraq in the past three years, with estimates in the thousands.
In the highest-profile case so far, Chinese sitcom14 star Wu Ruopu was yanked from his BMW in February 2004 outside a Beijing bar. Kidnappers15 demanded $245,000 in ransom before police found and freed him the next day, according to media reports. Shortly after that, authorities arrested nine men. Like many other kidnapping victims, Wu shuns16 publicity17, saying only that he wishes to forget the episode.
China is moving aggressively to punish kidnappers, often by the death penalty. Three of the convicted kidnappers in Wu's case reportedly were executed in September. In total, authorities said that 2,900 cases of kidnapping were "solved" in 2004, but it is unclear whether that means the victim survived, the culprits were caught or there was some other resolution. The government issued an unusual warning last year to the newly rich to beware that kidnappers often kill their victims even when money is paid.
Beijing entrepreneur Cui Fengxian founded Beijing Capital Special Security the day after Wu's kidnapping became public. Today, Cui says he oversees18 200 personal guards, offering black-suited and plainclothes staff for movie stars, directors, corporate bigwigs and private schools.
"For instance, if a client needs to carry a large amount of cash . . . we can provide a reliable person to do that," said Cui, his office filled with snapshots of him with clients, as well as an imposing19 variety of swords and animal sculptures.
"The gap between rich and poor is getting bigger, and there will be more problems," he added. "There is a saying in China: You will laugh at those poorer than you and hate those richer than you."
Still relatively20 safe
Compared with other developing countries, China remains21 relatively safe; U.S. State Department travel advice says China "has a fairly low but increasing crime rate."
Street crime in most of the country is trivial, though the annual kidnapping-for-ransom tally does not include thousands of mostly rural Chinese women and children criminally trafficked each year for labor22 or sale.
The rise in kidnappings for cash is a measure of social change in a nation that has long feared that greater freedom and economic growth could bring a breakdown23 in social stability.
Unpublished statistics obtained by a Hong Kong-based security firm indicate the government recorded only five kidnappings nationwide in 1984 and 29 in 1987.
But opening the window to the free market has created a class of conspicuous24 consumers and widened gaps between rich and poor.
In one case, police searching the apartment of kidnappers in Guangdong province found a list of all BMW owners in the city that appeared to have come from state vehicle registration25 rolls, said Jack26 Chu, founder of R.A. Consultants, a Hong Kong-based security firm that has handled kidnapping cases in mainland China.
As in much of the world, kidnapping in China is brazen27. Most abductions happen in plain view, on predictable routes to home and work.
"They study their potential targets to figure out whether they are rich and will be able to pay," Chu said. "They see what kind of restaurants and markets they go to and then they decide who is the easiest to kidnap."
In some cases, the easiest targets are children at expensive private schools. Headlines about child kidnappings prompted one Beijing elementary school to hire seven guards, some of them former soldiers, to patrol the grounds and escort students to waiting cars.
"Some people want bodyguards28 just for their vanity," said Zhaung Tao, a school board member, "but for us, it's just about protecting the children."
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