Lawyers may be divided into several types. Trial lawyer is one type. Office-practice lawyer is another. Office- practice is concerned with matters such as preparing documents, advising business, or settling estates. Many office-practice lawyers never participate in a lawsuit¹, but leave litigation to trial lawyers. General practitioners², especially in small communities, may handle every matter that is brought to office. House counsels are another large group of attorneys. They are employed by business to assist in the internal operations of the business by preventing and solving legal problems.

　　Lawyers play important roles in society. First of all, they are advisors⁴. A lawyer's product is advice - advice on an infinite variety of subjects. Much of the advice is not on legal matters, but may involve business decisions or family affairs. Second, lawyers are advocates for their clients. Office lawyers negotiating a contract are advocates just as trial lawyers are；their advocacy is directed at other attorneys and their clients, rather than to judges and juries. Third, lawyers are negotiators of compromise. They seek to avoid the difficulties and expenses of litigation by finding a mutually satisfactory alternative.

　　To be a good advisor³, advocate and negotiator, lawyers must be cultured. They must be able to appreciate the historical relevance⁵ of our fundamental freedoms and the role of law in our society. They must be keenly aware of the world in which they live, what is right about it and what is wrong, so that they can fulfil their role as instrument of change. They must be compassionate⁷ and sensitive to human problems and weaknesses, because the practice of law is a very personal matter.

　　Lawyers must be courageous⁸ and willing to represent unpopular causes, because the right to counsel exists as a necessity. They must be willing not only to defend such causes, but to defend the system that requires such representation.

　　Notes

　　1．Many office-practice lawyers never participate n a lawsuit, but litigation to trial lawyers.

　　很多咨询律师从不参加诉讼，他们把诉讼留给诉讼律师。

　　2．The are employed by business to assist in the internal operations of business by preventing and solving legal problems.

　　他们受聘于企业，通过防止和解决法律问题来协助企业内部的动作。

　　3．…their advocacy is directed at other attorneys and their clients, rather than to judges and juries.

　　他们的辩护是针对其他律师及其委托人的，而不是指向法官和陪审团的。

　　4．They seek to avoid the difficulties and expenses of litigation by finding a mutually satisfactory alternative.

　　他们通过寻求双方都满意的其他途？nbsp|来避免诉讼的困难和花费。

　　5．They must be albe to appreciate the historical relevance of our fundamental freedoms and the role of law in our society.

　　他们必须能领会我们的基本的自由权利的历史意义，以及法律在我们社会中的作用。

　　6．They must be keenly aware of the world in which they live, what is right bout⁶ it and what is wrong, so that they can fulfil their role as instrument of change.

　　他们必须对所处的世界有敏锐的意识，明白这世界对在何处错在何处，这样他们才能起到变化的工具这一作用。

　　7．Lawyers must be courageous and willing to represent unpopular causes, because the right to counsel exists as a necessity.

　　律师必须勇于并且乐于代理不得人心的案由，因为请律师的权利是一种必须

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