The Fourth Amendment¹ to the U.S. Constitution protects individuals from unreasonable² searches and seizures⁴. The most common areas of concern are the car and the home. Generally， in a car， the police may search the area under and around the front seat. If the driver is arrested， the officer can frisk him or her while looking for weapons. If the driver is outside the car and the police believe he or she is involved in criminal activity， then they may legally search for weapons. If the police find something soft， such as a pack of cigarettes， that can't possibly be a weapon，then they have no right to seize it， even if it contains drugs. This would be considered an illegal search. However， if they have probable cause to believe drugs were just bought， they could then legally seize the soft packet. Police normally can't search your home unless they have a warrant. The search warrant must specify⁵ what the police are looking for and where they're likely to find it. For example， if they're looking for a large item， such as a rifle， they can't look in a small container， like a jewelry⁶ box. The police don't need a warrant to search your home if you agree to the search. They also don't need a warrant if they believe someone's life is in danger， a suspect is about to escape， or that evidence might be destroyed. You have the right to challenge the legality of a warrantless search in court. For more information on illegal searches and seizures， you should consult an attorney

　　翻译：美国宪法第四条修正案是关于保护个人免受无理由搜查或财产被没收的规定。汽车内或家中是最普遍被搜查关注点。若搜查汽车内，警察一般会搜查汽车前座下方及其四周，如果司机被捕，警官可以对她/他搜身看是否携带枪支。如果司机在汽车外，并且警察认定他/她参与了犯罪活动，那么警察可以合法搜查其是否携带枪支。如果警察发现软包装物，比如一包香烟，即使里面有毒品，警察没有权利没收它，因为那肯定不是武器，否则会被认为是非法搜查。但是，如果警察有足够的理由相信毒品是买来的，警察可以合法没收这个软包装，警察通常不可以搜查私人住所，除非他们有搜查令，这个搜查令，必须表明警察搜查的目的和地点。比方说，如果警方在寻找大宗物体，例如来复枪，他们不可对象珠宝盒这样的小容器进行检查。如果你同意搜查，警察可以无需搜查令搜查你的住所，以下情况警方同样无需搜查令：比如有人生命存在危险、疑犯可能逃跑，或者证据可能被毁时。你有权就无搜查令的合法性问题在法庭进行辩驳，要想获得更多有关非法搜查与没收的信息，最好向律师咨询。

　　1、 Amendment n.改善， 改正

　　（1）The act of changing for the better； improvement：

　　Society may sometimes show signs of repentance⁷ （后悔、悔改） and amendment （George G. Coulton）

　　（2） Correction or an alteration⁸（变更、改造）， as in a manuscript（手稿、原稿）。

　　（3 Formal revision（修订本） of， addition to， or change， as in a bill（议案、法案） or a constitution.

　　（4） A statement of such a change：

　　The 19th Amendment to the Constitution gave women the right to vote.

　　2、 Seizure³ n.抓， 捉， 没收， 查封， 夺取

　　（1）The act or an instance of seizing or the condition of being seized.

　　（2）A sudden attack，spasm（n.（感情等）一阵发作，痉挛）， or convulsion（惊厥，痉挛） as in epilepsy（癫痫症） or another disorder⁹.

　　（3）A sudden onset¹⁰（发作） or sensation（感动） of feeling or emotion.

　　3、frisk n.快乐， 快乐的时刻， 搜身 vi.欢跃， 蹦跳 vt.轻摇

　　frisk v.intr.

　　To move about briskly（活泼地、精神勃勃地） and playfully； frolic（嬉闹、嬉戏。）

　　frisk v.tr.

　　To search （a person） for something concealed¹¹（隐藏、隐瞒）， especially a weapon， bypassing the hands quickly over clothes or through pockets.

　　Frisk n.

　　（1）An energetic， playful movement； a gambol¹².（欢跳、雀跃）

　　（2）The act of frisking.

　　4、warrant n.授权， 正当理由， 根据， 证明， 凭证，委任状， 批准， 许可证

　　vt.保证， 辩解， 担保， 批准， 使有正当理由

　　5 rifle n.来复枪， 步枪， 来复线， 膛线vt.用步枪射击，抢夺vi.掠夺

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