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Jurisprudence, History of Legal Systems and Constitution
按照法律规定according to law 按照确定的份额分享权力:be entitled to rights in proportion to his proper share of the credit 按照确定的份额分担义务:assume obligations in proportion to his proper share of the debt 案例教学法case system 案例汇编case book; case report; law report 柏拉图 Plato 《保护人权与基本自由公约》(1950) Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, 1950 (罗) 被视为be deemed as 被宣布为非法be outlawed1; be declared illegal 比较法comparative law 比较法学comparative jurisprudence 比较法学派school of comparative jurisprudence 比较法制史 comparative legal history 比较分析法method of comparative analysis 比较刑法学comparative penal jurisprudence 必然因果关系positive causal relationship 边缘法学borderline jurisprudence 变通办法adaptation; accommodation 补充规定supplementary3 provision 补救办法remedial measures 不成文法unwritten law 不成文宪法unwritten constitution 不动产所在地法律 law of the place where the real property is situated4; lex loci rei immobilisci 不可分割的权利impartible right 不可抗力 force majuere 不可侵犯性inviolability 不可让与性inalienability 不履行法律义务non-performance of obligation 不要式行为informal act 不要因的法律行为non-causal juristic act 不因实效而丧失的权利imprescriptible right 不作为abstain from an act; act of omission6 部门法department law 部门规章regulation 参照 consult 参照具体情况 in the light of actual conditions 参照原文 consult the original 查士丁尼法典 Code Justinian; Codex Justinianus 查士丁尼法规汇编 Authenticum 超出法律范围的 outside of law 超出法律权限的 extralegal 超过权限 exceed authority; beyond jurisdiction7 成文法 written law 成文宪法 written constitution 冲突法 conflict of laws; rules of conflict 冲突规则 conflict rule; rule of conflict 除(本法)另有规定外 except for otherwise stipulated8 (by this law) 除外条款 provisory clause 触犯公共利益 encroach on the public interests 触犯国际利益 go against the state's interests 触犯人民利益 encroach on the interests of the people; go against the people's interests 传统法律观念 traditional ideas of law 纯粹法学 pure theory of law 次要法规 by law 次要规则 secondary rule 从宽解释原则 doctrine10 of liberal construction 从权利 accessory right 达到法定年龄 come of age 大法 the fundamental law 大法官 Lord High Chancellor11 大法官法院Court of Chancery 大陆法系 Continental12 Legal System 大律师 barrister 《大明律》Criminal Law of the Ming Dynasty (中) 大陪审团 grand jury 《大清律例》the Criminal Laws of the Qing Dynasty (中) 《大宪章》(1215) Great Charter, 1215(英) 单行法规 specific regulations 单一法律体系 unitary legal system 单一制政府 unitary government 但书 proviso 当代法学动向current trend of jurisprudence 当然解释 natural interpretation13 党纪国法party discipline and the law of the country 道德规范norm of morality 道德义务 moral obligation 《德国民法典》German Civil code 德拉古 Draco 地方各级人民代表大会 local people's congresses at different levels 地方各级人民法院local people's courts at different levels 地方各级人民检察院local people's procuratorates at different levels 地方各级人民政府local people's governments at different levels 第二读 second reading 第三读 third reading 二元论the dualistic theory 二元君主立宪制 dual14 constitutional monarchy15 system 二元论 the dualistic theory 二元论者dualist 法的本质 the nature of law 法的变化changes of law 法的定义definition of law 法的发展development of law 法的分类 divisions of law 法的概念concepts of law 法的规范作用normalized usage of law 法的继承succession of law 法的精神 spirit of law 法的可预测性foreseeability of law 法的类型types of law 法的历史类型的更替 the replacement17 of one historical mode of law by another 法的历史渊源 historical origin of law 法的连续性continuity of law 法的内容contexts of law 法的社会作用 social usage of law 法的生效operation of law 法的实现realization of law 法的特征character of law 法的现象legal phenomenon 法的形式渊源formal source of law 法的要素elements of law 法的渊源source of law 法的职能function of law 法的作用role of law 法典编纂 codification21 of codes 法定成年人的年龄age of majority; legal age 法定程序legal procedure 法定处罚statutory penalty 法定代理人: agent ad litem 法定解释statutory interpretation 法定量刑情节 legally prescribed circumstances of sentencing 法定年龄限制 a statutory age limit 法定期间 prescribed time 法定期限 legal term 法定权利 legal right; right entitled by law 法定权限 limits of power prescribed by law 法定日 appointed day 法定时间 appointed time 法定时效 statutory prescription24 法定条件 legal condition 法定限制 statutory restrictions25 法定效力 statutory force 法定刑 legally-prescribed punishment 法定形式 legal form 法定责任 statutory duty 法定追溯期 time of legal memory 法定最高刑 maximum statutory penalty; maximum statutory sentence 法官 judge 法官的自由裁量权 judge's power of discretion26 法官权力范围 extent of judge's power 法官心证 judge's mental impression 法官中立原则 Nemo debt esse judex in propria causa 法规编纂 condification of laws and regulations 法规的解释 interpretation of statutes27 法规汇编 corpus of the laws and regulations 《法国民法典》Code Civile de Francais (法) 法理 jurisprudence; principle of law 法理学家 jurisprudent 法律保护 legal protection 法律编纂 codification 法律标准 legal standards 法律部门 legal department 法律草案 draft regulations 法律措施 legal measures 法律大全 Corpus legum 法律的本土化和改写 the localization and adaptiion of laws 法律的本质 essence of law 法律的地位 position of law 法律的定义 definition of law 法律的废止 abolishment of law 法律的公共秩序论 public order theory of law 法律的规范性 normalization29 of law 法律的继承 succession of law 法律的理想ideal of law 法律的权威 authority of law 法律的实施administration of law; law enforcement 法律的适用application of law 法律的统一 unification of law 法律的推定 presumption31 of law 法律的推理 analogy of law 法律的完整性 integrity of law 法律的效力范围 force's scale of law 法律的效力形式 force's form of law 法律的修改alteration of law 法律的演进 evolutin of law 法律的原理 principle of law 法律地位平等equal in legal status 法律对人的效力personal act of law 编纂法律方法 legal methodology 法律分类 classification of law 法律赋予权力 authority conferred by law 法律改革 law reform 法律概念 legal concept 法律根据 legal basis 法律工作者 legal professional 法律关系legal relation 法律关系的运行 process of legal relation 法律关系客体 object of legal relation 法律关系主体 subject of legal relation 法律规定provisions of law 法律规范 norm of law 法律规范的逻辑结构 logical structure of legal rule 法律规则体系 system of legal rules 法律含义 intendment of law 法律另有规定:otherwise stipulated by law 法律现象legal phenomenon 法律研究legal research 法律要件 legal requirement 法律依据 legal basis 法律意见 legal advice 法律意见书 legal opinion 法律意识 law-consciousness 法律意义 legal sense 法律用语 legal language 法律与正义先验论 a prior theory of law and justice 法律渊源 source of law 法律原则 principle of legality 法律援助legal aid 法律约束 legal binding35; legal restraint 法律责任 legal responsibility 法律责任的道义基础 moral basic of legal obligation 法律责任的归结 imputaton of legal responsibility 法律责任的认定 determination of legal responsibility 法律责任的执行 enforcement of legal responsibility 法律责任客体 object of legal responsibility 法律责任主体 subject of legal responsibility 法律哲学 philosophy of law; philosophie du droit (法);philosophia juris 法律政策 policy of the law 法律指导 legal counsel 法律制裁 legal sanction 法律制度 regime of law; legal system 法律秩序 legal order 法律主体资格 capacity as a subject of law 法律主张 proposition of law 法律属地原则 territoriality37 of laws 法律著述 legal literature 法律专家 legal expert 法律专业 legal profession 法律专著和教科书 legal treatise38 and textbook 法律咨询 legal advice 法律尊严 legal sanctity 法盲 legal illiterates39 法权 right 法社会学 sociology of law 法系 legal system 法协会 law society 法学 jurisprudence 法学博士 doctor of jurisprudence 法学导论 leading principles of law 法学的范畴体系 the system of categories of jurisprudence 法学的范畴意识 the consciousness of category of jurisprudence 法学的基石范畴 fundamental categories of jurisprudence 法学方法 method of jurisprudence 法学方法论 methodology of jurisprudence 法学会 law society 法学教科书 law textbooks 法学理论 theory of law; legal theory 法学权威 an academic authority in law 法学士 bachelor of law 法学体系 system of jurisprudence 法学通论 first principles of law 法学院 faculty40 of law; law school 法医学 forensic medicine 法院 court 法院调查 judicial42 investigation43 法院管辖权 competence44 of court 法院管辖以外的 extrajudicial 法院判决 court decision 法院系统 court structure 法院组织法 judicature act 法则 articles 法哲学 philosophy of law 法制legal institution 法制传统 tradition of law system 法制的精神 spirit of legality 法制的尊严 dignity of the legal system 法制观念 legal concept 法制观念淡薄 very weak in the understanding of law 法制教育 legal education; education of legal system 法制史 legal history; history of legal system 法治 rule of law 法治的机制 the mechanism45 of rule of law 法治的要素 the element of rule of law 非实质的 immaterial 非营利的 non-profit 非约束性条款 permissive provision 分别管辖权 separate jurisdiction 分别财产制 separation of property regime 分别规定 separate provision 分担责任 share the responsibility 分工负责,互相配合,互相制约 divide responsibility for their own work; coordinate47 their efforts and check each other 分工负责制 division of labor48 responsibility system 分级管理 different levels holding different responsibilities 分配制度 distribution system 分析法理学 analytical49 jurisprudence 否决权 power veto; veto power 否认事实 denial of facts 服从法律 amenable50 to law; subject to the law 符合程序 be in order 符合法律 be in conformity52 with law 符合宪法 constitutionality 符合宪法的法律 constitutional law 符合原则 be in conformity with the principle 盖尤斯 Gaius 概括裁定 general verdict 概括继承 general succession 干扰司法公正 interference with course of justice 刚性条款 entrenched53 clause 岗位责任制 post responsibility system 高等法院 high court; high court of justice 高度集中 highly centralize 高度民主 high level of democracy 高度自治权 high degree of autonomy 高级法官 senior judge 高级法院superior court 高级人民法院 Higher People's Court 高级人民检察院 Higher People's Procuratortate 格式条款 clause of style 公认的行为准则 established standard of conduct 规避法律 in fraud of law 规范的法律规则 normative rule of law 规范法学 normative jurisprudence 规范性法律文件 normalizative document of law 规范性法律文件的规范化 normalization of normative legal document 国际法international law 国际法学 international jurisprudence 过错方 tort-feasor; wrongdoer 过错推定原则 doctrine of presumption 过错责任 liability for wrongs; tort liability 海事法院 court of admiralty 《汉穆拉比法典》 Code of Hammurabi 合并条款 consolidation57 of provisions 合法的个人财产 legal personal property 合法地位 legal status 合法权益 the lawful rights and interests 合法行为 lawful acts; legality of purpose 合宪性 constitutionality 衡平法规则 rule of equity 衡平法学 equity jurisprudence 衡平法院 Court of Chancery (美);Court of Equity (英) 后法取代前法 A later statute takes away the effect of a prior one. 后法优于前法 lex posterior derogat priori 户籍所在地:the place where his residence is registered 互为因果 reciprocal causation 基本法 fundamental law 基本法律规范 basic norm of law 基本方针 basic policies 基本权利和义务 basic rights and duties 基本司法概念和假设 basic legal conception and assumption 技术性法规 technical legal rule 家庭法 family law 建立法律关系create legal relations 教会法 canon law 《教会法大全》Corpus Juris Canonici 教会法学家 decretalists 解释法律的技术规则 technical rule of interpretation 解释权 power of interpretation 禁治产人 imbecile; interdicted60 person 经常居住地:habitual residence 经法律确认的 ascertained62 by law 经法律许可 authorized63 by law 经验法学 scholastic64 theories of law 纠问式审判 trial by inspection65 or examination 具有法律约束力的文件 legally binding instrument 具有同等效力的 with equal authenticity66 绝对衡平法 absolute equity 君主立宪制度 constitutional monarchy 开罗会议 Cairo Conference 凯恩斯主义 keynesianism 可撤销的法律行为 revocable juristic act 可让与性 alienability 可用法律强制执行的 enforceable at law 可预见的 foreseeable 可直接适用的法律 directly applicable law 可追溯的 retrospective 客观条件 objective condition 客观因素 objective factor 客体 object 扩充解释 amplified68 interpretation 理论法理学派 theoretical jurisprudence school 理性决定说 theory of rational decision 理性认识 conceptual knowledge 历史法学 historical jurisprudence 历史法学派 historical school of law 历史解释 historical interpretation 立法机构legislative69 body 立法权 law-making power; legislative power 立法效力 legislative effect 立法议案 bills 立法者 law-maker; legislator 立宪 constitutionalism 利益冲突 conflict of interests 利害关系人interested person 连带法律关系 joint71 legal relations 连带责任 joint and several obligation 论理解释 logical interpretation 罗马法Roman Law; Jus Romanum 罗马法系 Roman-Law System 罗马皇帝优士丁尼一世 Justinian I 罗马法理学 jurisprudential 《罗马法律汇编》Roman Digest 罗马法学派 school of Romanists 罗马-日耳曼法系 Roman-Germanic family 罗马私法 Jus Privatum 逻辑解释 logical interpretation 马伯里诉麦迪逊案 Marbury vs. Madison 马克思主义法律理论 Marxism-leninism 马克思主义法学 Marxist jurisprudence 马克思主义法学家 Marxist jurist 没有事实根据的 unsubstantial 美国国际法协会 American Institute of International Law 美国海事法庭 Admiralty Courts of the U.S.A. 美国联邦地区法院 United States district courts 美国联邦法官 federal judge 没有法律依据的 lawless 没有判决先例的案件 case of first impression 《民法大全》Corpus Juris Civilis 民法典 civil code 民法法系Civil-Law System 民法通则: General Principles of the Civil Law 民法学 science of civil law 民事案件中“占有优势证据”的原则 “by a preponderance of evidence” in civil cases 民事权利能力:the capacity for civil rights 民事权益:civil rights and interests 民事诉讼法学 Civil Procedure Law 民事制裁 civil punishment; civil sanction 民政部门:the civil affairs department 明代法规 laws and regulations of Ming Dynasty 明示或默示的 express or implied 默示表达 communication by implication 拿破仑法典 The Code Napolean 内部规章 internal regulations 纳妾制 concubinage 南京条约 (1843) Treaty of Nanking, 1843 拟制理论 fiction theory 拟制买卖 mancipatio 欧洲大陆法 continental law 偶然权利 contingent right 偶然因果关系 fortuitous causal relationship 偶然因素 accidentalia 偶因 accidental cause 排他的权利 right to exclude all others 派生的权利 derived right 派生取得 derivative acquisition 判例法系 Case Law System 普通法法系 Common-Law System 判例法系 Case Law System 判例汇编 reports; reports of judgments 普通法 common law 普通法法系 Common-Law System 普通法上的补偿 common-law remedy 普通法上的过失 common-law negligence 普通法上的留置权 common-law lien 普通法学 general jurisprudence 强制办法 coercive method 强制规定 mandatory provisions 强制性法规 mandatory rule of law 强制性条款 mandatory term 侵犯财产权 property torts 侵权行为法 tort law 侵权责任 tortious liability 清理法规 check up laws and regulations 区域性法律体系 regional system of laws 取证 obtain evidence 确权之诉 affirmative petitory action; cause for ownership affirmation 确认之诉 action for confirmation; actio confessoria 权威解释 authentic interpretation 人法 human law, statute personalia 人格减等 capitis deminutio 人身不可侵犯 inviolability of the person 人身非财产关系 personal non-property relations 人身关系 personal relation 任意解释 arbitrary interpretation 《日耳曼法》Germanic law 柔性宪法 flexible constitution 三权分立 separation of powers 善意推定 presumption of good faith 商法 commercial law 商法典 code of commerce 社会法学 sociological jurisprudence 社会关系 social relations 社会规范 social regulation 社会连带主义法学 social solidarism jurisprudence 社会契约论 theory of social contract 社会团体:social organization 社会主义法学 socialist jurisprudence 社会主义法制 socialist legal system; socialist rule of law 神法 divine law 神权说 theory of divine right 审查制度 censorship; inspection system 审计监督 supervise through auditing 审计监督权 power to supervise through auditing 生效条款 operative clause 失效法律 expired laws 失效日 expiry date 施行细则 implementary provisions 实证主义法学派 the positivist school 《十二表法》 Twelve Tables 实体法 material law; substantial law 实体法上的抗辩 substantial defense 实体权利 substantive right 实用主义法学 judicial pragmaticism 实在法 positive law 实在法学 positive jurisprudence 实在法学派 positivist 实在主义法学 positivist jurisprudence 实证法学 positive jurisprudence 实质条款 material stipulation 实质性的瑕疵 defect of substance 实质性解释 material interpretation 事实的推定 presumption of fact 事业单位:institution 适用法律 reference to the law; applicable law 适用范围 area of application; sphere of application 适用中国法律:be governed by the law of PRC (The law of PRC shall apply to) 溯及既往原则 doctrine of retroactivity 溯及力 retrospect; retrospective effect 损害赔偿 damages 梭伦 Solon 弹性宪法 elastic constitution 特别程序 special procedure 特别但书 special proviso 特别法 special law 特殊主体 special subject 提案motion; overture; proposal 提出抗辩 raise a plea; raise a plead 条约法 law of treaties 同态复仇 retaliation 推定合法presumption of legality 停止生效cease to have effect 外国法 foreign law 外国法制史 foreign legal history 外国人待遇 foreigner treatment 完全民事权利能力:full capacity for civil conduct 完全丧失行为能力的人 person entirely incapable of legal transaction 完全无行为能力 absolute disability 万民法 jus gentium 违法构成要件 essential condition of delict 违宪 violation of constitution 乌尔比安 Ulpianus 无国籍人:stateless persons 无条件解释 unconditional interpretation 无效的法律 void law 无效法律行为 void act; act without legal effect 物权 property 西塞罗 Marcus Tullius Cicero 习惯法custom law 细则 detailed rules and regulations; details by-laws 狭义解释 narrow definition 下文另有规定者除外 except as hereinafter provided 先决条件 precedent condition; prerequisite 现实主义法学 realism jurisprudence 现行法律 current law; existing law 限制解释 restrictive interpretation 宪法的解释 interpretation of constitution 宪法修正案 constitution amendment 宪法学 constitutional jurisprudence 相对主义法学 relativist jurisprudence 新分析法学 new analytical jurisprudence 新律 New Law , Novellae 行为规范 code of conduct 学说编纂 the Pandekta 形式主义法学 formalist jurisprudence 亚里士多德 Aristotle 严格解释 strict interpretation 严重不法行为 aggravated misconduct; gross misbehavior 严重违法 break the law on a serious scale 要件 important condition; essential condition 一般客体 general object 一般权利能力 general legal capacity 一般主体 general subject 一事不再理的保证 guarantee against double jeorpardy 依法办案 handle cases according to law 依法独立行使职权 independent exercise of powers within the framework of the law 依照法律的规定 as prescribed by law 以法律为准绳 take law as the criterion 依法治国 genuine rule of law; running the country according to law 义务性规范 obligatory rule 义务主体 subject of duty 英美法系 Anglo-American Legal System 永恒法 eternal law 优士丁尼法典 the Codex Justinianus 优士丁尼皇帝 Justinian 《优士丁尼民法大全》(《国法大全》)Corpus Juris Civilis 有法必依 ensure that laws are observed 有法律约束力 legally binding 有条件解释 conditional interpretation 有效期间 time of effect; term of validity 与法律规定不符 against the forms of the statute 与法律相抵触的行为act going against the law 域外效力 extraterritorial effect 援引法律条文 invoke a legal provision (古罗马的)元老院 the Senate 约束力 binding; binding effect 在法律的范围内 within the law 暂行条例interim regulations; provisional regulation 整体法学 integrative jurisprudence 正当权益 justified rights; legitimate interests 正式解释 official interpretation 正式渊源 formal source 政法学院 institute of political science and law 知法犯法 deliberately break the law 执法必严 ensure that law's enforcement be strict 执法人员 law enforcement officials 执行权 enforcement power 直接故意 actual intent; direct intent 直接后果 immediate consequence 直接客体 direct object 直接主体 direct subject 制定法 statute 制宪权constituent power 治外法权 extraterritoriality; extraterritorial jurisdiction 中端时效 interrupt the running of the statute of limitation 中国大陆的法律 law of China's mainland 中国法制 Chinese legal system 中国法制史 Chinese legal history 中国特色的社会主义法制 socialist legal system with Chinese character 中华法系 Chinese legal system 《中华人民共和国香港特别行政区基本法》the Basic law of Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China 主要法律体系principal legal system 自然法 natural law 自然法学派 natural law school 组成合议庭开庭审理:form a collegial panel to conduct the trial 最高国家权力机关 highest organ of state power 最高人民法院的解释 interpretation of supreme people's court 遵循先例原则 The Doctrine of Stare 作为或不作为 act or omission 点击收听单词发音
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