《上海市燃气管道设施保护办法》
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《上海市燃气管道设施保护办法》,已经2005年1月10日市政府第63次常务会议通过,现予发布,自2005年4月1日起施行。

市长 韩正
二○○五年一月三十日

上海市燃气管道设施保护办法(2005年1月30日上海市人民政府令第46号发布)

  第一条 (目的和依据)

  为了加强本市燃气管道设施的管理,保障燃气管道安全运行,维护公共安全,根据《建设工程安全生产管理条例》和《上海市燃气管理条例》的规定,制定本办法。

  第二条 (有关用语的含义)

  本办法所称的燃气管道设施,包括:

  (一)输送天然气、人工煤气、液化石油气的管道;

  (二)管道防腐保护设施,包括阴极保护站、阴极保护测试桩、阳极地床和杂散电流排流站等;

  (三)调压站(室)、阀门(室)、聚水井(室)、废水池等燃气管道附属构筑物,以及补偿器、放散管等相关设备;

  (四)标志桩、测试桩、里程桩、警示牌等燃气管道设施安全识别标志;

  (五)管堤、管桥、管基等与燃气管道相关的固定装置。

  第三条 (适用范围)

  本办法适用于本市行政区域内燃气管道设施的保护及其相关管理活动。但本市天然气接收门站前的天然气长输管道设施以及燃气企业、燃气用户内部燃气管道设施的保护,按照相关法律、法规和规章的规定执行。

  第四条 (管理部门)

  上海市市政工程管理局(以下简称市市政局)是本市燃气主管部门,负责本办法的组织实施;其所属的上海市燃气管理处(以下简称市燃气管理处)负责本市燃气管道设施保护的日常监督管理。

  浦东新区、宝山区、南汇区、奉贤区、青浦区、闵行区、嘉定区、金山区、松江区和崇明县(以下统称区(县))燃气管理部门,负责本区(县)范围内燃气管道设施保护的监督管理,业务上受市市政局领导。

  本市公安、建设、河道、航道等相关管理部门按照各自职责,协同实施本办法。

  第五条 (管道企业的义务)

  燃气管道设施运行企业(以下简称管道企业)应当履行下列义务:

  (一)按照建设部制定的《城镇燃气埋地钢质管道腐蚀控制技术规程》的规定,对燃气管道外敷防腐绝缘层,并加设阴极保护装置;

  (二)按照燃气设计规范,设置燃气管道设施永久性安全警示标志;

  (三)对易遭受车辆或者其他外力碰撞的燃气管道设施采取相应保护措施,并设置安全警示标志;

  (四)按照建设部制定的《城镇燃气设施运行、维护和抢修安全技术规程》等安全管理规定,对燃气管道设施定期巡查和维修保养;

  (五)制定燃气管道设施事故处理预案,并报市市政局备案。

  管道企业发现危害燃气管道设施安全的行为,应当予以劝阻、制止;劝阻、制止无效的,应当及时报告燃气、公安等有关管理部门。

  第六条 (保护范围和控制范围)

  燃气管道设施的安全保护范围:

  (一)低压、中压、次高压管道的管壁外缘两侧0.7米范围内的区域;

  (二)高压、超高压管道的管壁外缘两侧6米范围内的区域。

  燃气管道设施的安全控制范围:

  (一)低压、中压、次高压管道的管壁外缘两侧0.7米至6米范围内的区域;

  (二)高压、超高压管道的管壁外缘两侧6米至50米范围内的区域。

  沿河、跨河、穿河、穿堤的燃气管道设施安全保护范围和安全控制范围,由管道企业与河道、航道管理部门根据国家有关规定另行确定。

  第七条 (禁止行为)

  在燃气管道设施的安全保护范围内,禁止下列行为:

  (一)建造建筑物或者构筑物;

  (二)堆放物品或者排放腐蚀性液体、气体。

  在燃气管道设施的安全保护范围和高压、超高压燃气管道设施的安全控制范围内,禁止爆破作业。

  在沿河、跨河、穿河、穿堤的燃气管道设施安全保护范围内,除在保障燃气管道设施安全的条件下,为防洪或者通航而采取的疏浚作业外,不得抛锚、拖锚、掏沙、挖泥或者从事其他危及燃气管道设施安全的作业。

  第八条 (限制行为)

  有下列情形之一的,建设单位应当会同施工单位制定燃气管道设施保护方案,经与管道企业协商一致后,方可实施:

  (一)在燃气管道设施的安全保护范围内,敷设管道,从事打桩、挖掘、顶进作业。

  (二)在燃气管道设施的安全控制范围内,建造建筑物或者构筑物,从事打桩、挖掘、顶进作业。

  (三)在低压、中压、次高压燃气管道设施的安全控制范围内,进行爆破作业。

  建设单位与管道企业对前款规定的燃气管道设施保护方案产生争议的,由市市政局组织专家论证后协调解决。

  第九条 (作业指导)

  在燃气管道设施安全保护范围和安全控制范围内从事可能影响燃气管道设施安全作业的,管道企业应当指派专门的技术人员到现场提供安全保护指导。

  第十条 (管道设施的迁移)

  因建设工程施工确需迁移燃气管道设施的,建设单位应当在申请建设工程规划许可证前,报市市政局审批;经审核批准的,建设单位或者施工单位应当会同管道企业采取相应的补救措施。

  第十一条 (安全警示标志的保护)

  禁止移动、覆盖、拆除或者毁损燃气管道设施的安全警示标志。

  第十二条 (违法建筑的拆除)

  对占压燃气管道的建筑物或者构筑物,区、县人民政府应当组织规划、燃气等行政管理部门拆除,所需费用由违法建设的单位或者个人承担。

  第十三条 (事故处理)

  发生燃气管道设施事故的,管道企业应当根据应急处理预案,向有关管理部门报告,并立即采取相关的安全措施,进行不间断的抢修、抢险作业,直至抢修、抢险完毕。

  有关管理部门接到燃气管道设施事故的报告后,应当按照市政府批准的《上海市燃气灾害事故紧急处置预案》,组织抢险、救援工作。

  第十四条 (社会义务)

  任何单位和个人都有保护燃气管道设施安全的义务,发现燃气管道设施损坏的,应当及时告知管道企业,并向燃气、公安等有关管理部门或者当地政府报告。

  燃气管道设施抢修、抢险时,有关单位和个人应当给予必要的协助,不得以任何理由阻挠、妨碍抢修、抢险工作。

  第十五条 (行政处罚)

  对违反本办法的行为,除法律、法规另有规定外,由市市政局或者区(县)燃气行政主管部门按照下列规定予以处罚:

  (一)违反本办法第五条第一款、第九条规定,管道企业未履行保护义务或者未指派专门的技术人员提供安全保护指导的,责令其限期改正,处以5000元以上3万元以下罚款。

  (二)违反本办法第八条第一款规定,建设单位实施危害燃气管道设施安全行为的,责令其限期改正,属于非经营性活动的,处以500元以上1000元以下罚款;属于经营性活动的,处以1万元以上3万元以下罚款。

  违反本办法第八条第一款规定,施工单位未按照燃气管道设施保护方案进行施工的,由建设行政主管部门责令其限期改正;逾期未改正的,责令停业整顿,在停业整顿期间不得承包建设工程,并处以5万元以上10万元以下罚款。

  对违反消防管理规定的行为,由公安部门依法予以处罚;构成犯罪的,依法追究刑事责任。

  第十六条 (行政处罚的委托)

  市市政局可以将本办法第十五条第一款规定的行政处罚委托市燃气管理处实施。

  第十七条 (行政复议和诉讼)

  当事人对行政管理部门的具体行政行为不服的,可以依照《中华人民共和国行政复议法》或者《中华人民共和国行政诉讼法》的规定,申请行政复议或者提起行政诉讼。

  当事人对具体行政行为逾期不申请复议,不提起诉讼,又不履行的,作出具体行政行为的部门可以依法申请法院强制执行。

  第十八条 (施行日期)

  本办法自2005年4月1日起施行。1984年10月8日上海市人民政府发布的《上海市城市煤气设施管理办法》同时废止。

Procedures of Shanghai Municipality on the Protection of Fuel Gas Pipeline1 Facilities
(Promulgated by Decree No. 46 of the Shanghai Municipal People's Government on January 30, 2005)

  Article 1 (Purpose and Basis)

  For the purpose of strengthening the administration on the fuel gas pipeline facilities in this Municipality, ensuring the safe operation of the fuel gas pipelines2, safeguarding the public safety, these Procedures are formulated3 on the basis of the provisions of the“Regulations on the Administration of Safe Production of Construction Projects”and the“Regulations of Shanghai Municipality on the Administration of Fuel Gas”.

  Article 2 (Meaning of Relevant Terms)

  The“fuel gas pipeline facilities”mentioned in these Procedures include:

  1) The pipeline transporting the natural gas, artificial coal gas, and the liquefied petroleum4 gas;

  2) The pipeline anticorrosion protection facilities, including electrolytic protection station, anode protection test stake, anode groundbed, and the stray current discharging station.

  3) The fuel gas pipeline auxiliary5 structures, including pressure regulating station(room), valves(room), catchment wells(room), liquid waste pool, and the relevant equipment such as compensation condenser6, and diffusion7 tube, etc.

  4) The safety identification marks for fuel gas pipeline facilities, such as mark stake, test stake, mile stake, warning board, etc.;

  5) The fixed8 installations related to the fuel gas pipelines, such as the pipeline dyke9, pipeline bridge, and pipeline base, etc.

  Article 3 (Application Scope)

  These Procedures apply to the protection of the fuel gas pipeline facilities and relevant administration activities in the administrative10 areas of this Municipality. However, the protection of the long-distance natural gas transportation pipeline facilities in front of the receiving gateway11 station of natural gas and the inner fuel gas pipeline facilities of the fuel gas enterprises and the fuel gas users of this Municipality,shall be carried out in accordance with the provisions of the relevant laws, rules and regulations.

  Article 4 (Administrative Departments)

  The Shanghai Municipal Public Works Administration (hereinafter referred to as SMPWA) is the competent administrative department of this Municipality in fuel gas administration, responsible for putting these Procedures into implementation12. The Shanghai Fuel Gas Management Office (hereinafter referred to as SFGMO) under the SMPWA is in charge of daily management and supervision13 over the protection of fuel gas pipeline facilities of this Municipality.

  The fuel gas administrative departments in Pudong New Area, Baoshan District, Nanhui District, Fengxian District, Qingpu District, Minghang District, Jiading District, Jinshan District, Songjiang District, and Chongming County (hereinafter jointly14 referred to as district/county fuel gas administrative departments) take charge of the management and supervision over the protection of the fuel gas pipeline facilities in their respective district/county, and subject themselves to the leadership of the SMPWA in professional work.

  The related administrative departments of this Municipality including public security, construction, river course, navigable channel, etc. shall coordinate15 in the implementation of these Procedures according to their respective functions and duties.

  Article 5 (Obligations of the Pipeline Enterprises)

  The operation enterprises of the fuel gas pipeline facilities (hereinafter referred to as pipeline enterprises) shall perform the following obligations:

  1) To apply antirot insulating material to the outside part of the fuel gas pipelines, and set up electrolytic protection installations in accordance with the provisions of the“Rules on the Corrode-control Technology of Steel Fuel Gas Pipeline Buried under the Ground in Cities and Towns”formulated by the Ministry16 of Construction.

  2) To install permanent safety warning marks of the fuel gas pipeline facilities in accordance with the technical norms of the fuel gas design;

  3) To adopt corresponding protection measures to the fuel gas pipeline facilities that are easy to be collided by the vehicles or other outside forces, and install the safety warning marks;

  4) To perform regular inspection17 and servicing and maintenance to the fuel gas pipeline facilities in accordance with the provisions of the“Rules on the Safety Technology of Operation, Maintenance, and Rush-repair of the Fuel Gas Facilities in the Cities and Towns”formulated by the Ministry of Construction and other regulations on safety administration.

  5) To draw up the predetermined scheme on the handling of the accidents of the fuel gas pipeline facilities, and report to the SMPWA for the record.

  The pipeline enterprises shall, dissuade19, and stop the acts that endanger the safety of the fuel gas pipeline facilities upon discovery; in case that the dissuasion20 or stop fails, the pipeline enterprises shall report the situation to the fuel gas, public security, and other relevant administrative departments without delay.

  Article 6 (Scope of Protection and Control)

  The safety protection scope of the fuel gas pipeline facilities is:

  1) The area within 0.7 meters from the two sides of the outer edge of the pipe wall of low-pressure, medium pressure, and secondary high-pressure pipeline;

  2) The area within 6 meters from the two sides of the outer edge of the pipe wall of high-pressure, and super high-pressure pipeline.

  The safety control scope of the fuel gas pipeline facilities is:

  1) The area within 0.7 meters to 6 meters from the two sides of the outer edge of the pipe wall of low-pressure, medium pressure, and secondary high-pressure pipeline;

  2) The area within 6 meters to 50 meters from the two sides of the outer edge of the pipe wall of high-pressure, and super high-pressure pipeline.

  The scope of the safety protection and safety control of the fuel gas pipeline facilities that are alongside the river, across the river, going through the river or going through the dyke, shall be separately determined18 by the pipeline enterprises, jointly with the administrative departments of river course, and navigable channel, in accordance with relevant provisions of the State.

  Article 7 (Prohibition21

  The following acts are prohibited in the safety protection scope of the fuel gas pipeline facilities:

  1) To construct buildings or structures;

  2) To pile up materials or discharge corrosive22 liquid or gas.

  The demolition23 operation is prohibited in the safety protection scope of the fuel gas pipeline facilities and the safety control scope of the high-pressure, and super high-pressure fuel gas pipeline facilities.

  In the safety protection scope of the fuel gas pipeline facilities that are situated24 alongside the river, across the river, going through the river or going through the dyke, and except for the dredge work adopted for the purposes of flood prevention or navigation on the condition that the safety of the fuel gas pipeline facilities is safeguarded, such work as anchoring, anchor-drawing, sand-washing, mud-digging and other works that may endanger the safety of the fuel gas pipeline facilities are prohibited.

  Article 8 (Restriction25

  In any one of the following situations, the construction units shall, jointly with the unit in charge of construction, draw up the protection scheme for the fuel gas pipeline facilities, and they can only perform the work after reaching unanimity26 with the pipeline enterprises through consultation27:

  1) To lay pipeline, engage in piling, digging or pushing forward underground in the safety protection scope of the fuel gas pipeline facilities.

  2) To construct the buildings or structures, or engage in piling, digging or pushing forward underground in the safety control scope of the fuel gas pipeline facilities.

  3) To perform demolition work in the safety control scope of the low-pressure, medium pressure, and secondary high-pressure fuel gas pipeline facilities.

  In case that the construction unit and the pipeline enterprises have disputes over the protection scheme of the fuel gas pipeline facilities provided in the preceding Clause, the disputes shall be settled through coordination28 after the demonstration29 and appraisal30 made by the experts organized by the SMPWA.

  Article 9 (Work Direction)

  In case of performing work that may affect the safety of fuel gas pipeline facilities in the safety protection scope and protection control scope of the fuel gas pipeline facilities, the pipeline enterprises shall assign professional technical personnel to provide the on-the-spot direction on safety protection.

  Article 10 (Relocation of the Pipeline Facilities)

  In case of need of relocating the fuel gas pipeline facilities due to the operation of construction projects, the construction unit shall report to the SMPWA for examination and approval before applying for the Planning Permit of Construction Project; upon approval through examination and verification, the construction unit or unit in charge of the construction shall, jointly with the pipeline enterprise, adopt appropriate remedial measures.

  Article 11 (Protection of the Safety Warning Marks)

  It is prohibited to move, cover, demolish31 or destroy the safety warning marks of the fuel gas pipeline facilities.

  Article 12 (Demolishment of the Illegal Buildings)

  The district/county people's government shall organize the planning, fuel gas and other administrative departments to demolish the buildings or structures that occupy or press the fuel gas pipeline, and the relevant expenses shall be borne by the units or individual persons that illegally constructed the buildings or structures.

  Article 13 (Handling of Accidents)

  In case of the happening of the accidents of the fuel gas pipeline facilities, the pipeline enterprise shall, in accordance with the emergency handling plan, report to the relevant administrative department, and adopt relevant safety measures without delay, carry out continuous rush-repair and rush-to-meet-the-emergency work until the completion of the rush-repair and rush-to-meet-the-emergency work.

  The relevant administrative department, upon receiving the report on the accident of the fuel gas pipeline facilities, shall organize the rush-to-meet-the-emergency work, and the rescue work in accordance with the“Emergency Handling Predetermined Scheme of Shanghai Municipality on Hazardous32 Accident of Fuel Gas”approved by the Municipal People's Government.

  Article 14 (Social Obligations)

  All units or individual persons have the duty to protect the safety of the fuel gas pipeline facilities, and shall notify the pipeline enterprise in time upon the discovery of the damage of the fuel gas pipeline facilities, and report to the fuel gas, public security and other administrative departments or the local government.

  When carrying out the rush-repair work or the rush-to-meet-the-emergency work, the relevant unit or individual person shall provide necessary assistance, and shall not obstruct33, or interfere34 the rush-repair work or the rush-to-meet-the-emergency work for any reason.

  Article 15 (Administrative Punishment)

  For the acts in violation35 of these Procedures, except for those otherwise provided by laws or regulations, the SMPWA or district/county fuel gas competent administrative departments shall impose punishment in accordance with the following provisions:

  1) In case the pipeline enterprise fails to perform the protection duties or fails to assign the professional technical personnel to provide safety protection direction in violation of the provisions of Article 5 Clause 1, and Article 9 of these Procedures, a rectification36 in the prescribed time limit shall be ordered, and a fine of between not less than 5000 yuan and not more than 30000 yuan shall be imposed.

  2) In case the construction unit performs the acts that endanger the safety of fuel gas pipeline facilities in violation of the provisions of Article 8 Clause 1 of these Procedures, a rectification in the prescribed time limit shall be ordered; and in case the wrongful act belongs to non-commercial activities, a fine of between not less than 500 yuan and not more than 1000 yuan shall be imposed; in case the wrongful act belongs to commercial activities, a fine of between not less than 10000 yuan and not more than 30000 yuan shall be imposed.

  In case the unit in charge of the construction fails to carry out the construction in accordance with the protection scheme of fuel gas pipeline facilities in violation of the provision of Article 8, Clause 1 of these Procedures, the competent administrative department of construction shall order it to rectify37 within a prescribed time limit; In case of failure to rectify within the prescribed time limit, the unit in charge of the construction shall be ordered to suspend business and carry out the rectification, and in the period of suspension of business and carrying out the rectification, the unit in charge of the construction shall not contract any construction project, and be cumulatively38 penalized39 with a fine of between not less than 50000 yuan and not more than 100000 yuan.

  For the acts in violation of the provisions of administration of fire prevention, the public security department shall impose punishment in accordance with law; and in case the wrongful act constitutes a crime, the wrongdoer shall be prosecuted40 for criminal liabilities in accordance with law.

  Article 16 (Entrustment42 of Administrative Punishment)

  The SMPWA may entrust41 the SFGMO to exercise the power of administrative punishment provided in Article 15, Clause 1.

  Article 17 (Administrative Reconsideration and Litigation)

  If the party concerned disagrees with the specific administrative act made by an administrative department, he/she may apply for administrative reconsideration or bring an administrative lawsuit43 according to the“Law of the People's Republic of China on Administrative Reconsideration”or the“Administrative Litigation Law of the People's Republic of China”.

  Where the party concerned does not apply for administrative reconsideration, nor brings an administrative lawsuit, nor performs the specific administrative act within the prescribed time period, the department that has made the specific administrative act may apply to the people's court for enforcement according to law.

  Article 18 (Effective Date)

  These Procedures shall become effective on April 1, 2005. The“Procedures of Shanghai Municipality on the Administration of Urban Coal Gas Facilities”promulgated on October 8,1994 by the Shanghai Municipal People's Government shall be repealed at the same time



点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 pipeline aNUxN     
n.管道,管线
参考例句:
  • The pipeline supplies Jordan with 15 per cent of its crude oil.该管道供给约旦15%的原油。
  • A single pipeline serves all the houses with water.一条单管路给所有的房子供水。
2 pipelines 2bee8f0b9bb303b1f1a466fd43666db3     
管道( pipeline的名词复数 ); 输油管道; 在考虑(或规划、准备) 中; 在酿中
参考例句:
  • The oil is carried to the oil refinery by pipelines. 石油通过输油管输送到炼油厂。
  • The oil carried in pipelines. 石油用管道输送。
3 formulated cfc86c2c7185ae3f93c4d8a44e3cea3c     
v.构想出( formulate的过去式和过去分词 );规划;确切地阐述;用公式表示
参考例句:
  • He claims that the writer never consciously formulated his own theoretical position. 他声称该作家从未有意识地阐明他自己的理论见解。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • This idea can be formulated in two different ways. 这个意思可以有两种说法。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
4 petroleum WiUyi     
n.原油,石油
参考例句:
  • The Government of Iran advanced the price of petroleum last week.上星期伊朗政府提高了石油价格。
  • The purpose of oil refinery is to refine crude petroleum.炼油厂的主要工作是提炼原油。
5 auxiliary RuKzm     
adj.辅助的,备用的
参考例句:
  • I work in an auxiliary unit.我在一家附属单位工作。
  • The hospital has an auxiliary power system in case of blackout.这家医院装有备用发电系统以防灯火管制。
6 condenser JYXyp     
n.冷凝器;电容器
参考例句:
  • Their common principle is to use the variable capacity in a condenser.它们的普遍原理是利用电容器的可变电容。
  • Steam is condensed in the condenser.蒸汽在冷凝器中凝结。
7 diffusion dl4zm     
n.流布;普及;散漫
参考例句:
  • The invention of printing helped the diffusion of learning.印刷术的发明有助于知识的传播。
  • The effect of the diffusion capacitance can be troublesome.扩散电容会引起麻烦。
8 fixed JsKzzj     
adj.固定的,不变的,准备好的;(计算机)固定的
参考例句:
  • Have you two fixed on a date for the wedding yet?你们俩选定婚期了吗?
  • Once the aim is fixed,we should not change it arbitrarily.目标一旦确定,我们就不应该随意改变。
9 dyke 1krzI     
n.堤,水坝,排水沟
参考例句:
  • If one sheep leap over the dyke,all the rest will follow.一只羊跳过沟,其余的羊也跟着跳。
  • One ant-hole may cause the collapse of a thousand-li dyke.千里长堤,溃于蚁穴。
10 administrative fzDzkc     
adj.行政的,管理的
参考例句:
  • The administrative burden must be lifted from local government.必须解除地方政府的行政负担。
  • He regarded all these administrative details as beneath his notice.他认为行政管理上的这些琐事都不值一顾。
11 gateway GhFxY     
n.大门口,出入口,途径,方法
参考例句:
  • Hard work is the gateway to success.努力工作是通往成功之路。
  • A man collected tolls at the gateway.一个人在大门口收通行费。
12 implementation 2awxV     
n.实施,贯彻
参考例句:
  • Implementation of the program is now well underway.这一项目的实施现在行情看好。
13 supervision hr6wv     
n.监督,管理
参考例句:
  • The work was done under my supervision.这项工作是在我的监督之下完成的。
  • The old man's will was executed under the personal supervision of the lawyer.老人的遗嘱是在律师的亲自监督下执行的。
14 jointly jp9zvS     
ad.联合地,共同地
参考例句:
  • Tenants are jointly and severally liable for payment of the rent. 租金由承租人共同且分别承担。
  • She owns the house jointly with her husband. 她和丈夫共同拥有这所房子。
15 coordinate oohzt     
adj.同等的,协调的;n.同等者;vt.协作,协调
参考例句:
  • You must coordinate what you said with what you did.你必须使你的言行一致。
  • Maybe we can coordinate the relation of them.或许我们可以调和他们之间的关系。
16 ministry kD5x2     
n.(政府的)部;牧师
参考例句:
  • They sent a deputation to the ministry to complain.他们派了一个代表团到部里投诉。
  • We probed the Air Ministry statements.我们调查了空军部的记录。
17 inspection y6TxG     
n.检查,审查,检阅
参考例句:
  • On random inspection the meat was found to be bad.经抽查,发现肉变质了。
  • The soldiers lined up for their daily inspection by their officers.士兵们列队接受军官的日常检阅。
18 determined duszmP     
adj.坚定的;有决心的
参考例句:
  • I have determined on going to Tibet after graduation.我已决定毕业后去西藏。
  • He determined to view the rooms behind the office.他决定查看一下办公室后面的房间。
19 dissuade ksPxy     
v.劝阻,阻止
参考例句:
  • You'd better dissuade him from doing that.你最好劝阻他别那样干。
  • I tried to dissuade her from investing her money in stocks and shares.我曾设法劝她不要投资于股票交易。
20 dissuasion IsBxy     
n.劝止;谏言
参考例句:
21 prohibition 7Rqxw     
n.禁止;禁令,禁律
参考例句:
  • The prohibition against drunken driving will save many lives.禁止酒后开车将会减少许多死亡事故。
  • They voted in favour of the prohibition of smoking in public areas.他们投票赞成禁止在公共场所吸烟。
22 corrosive wzsxn     
adj.腐蚀性的;有害的;恶毒的
参考例句:
  • Many highly corrosive substances are used in the nuclear industry.核工业使用许多腐蚀性很强的物质。
  • Many highly corrosive substances are used in the nuclear industry.核工业使用许多腐蚀性很强的物质。
23 demolition omezd     
n.破坏,毁坏,毁坏之遗迹
参考例句:
  • The church has been threatened with demolition for years. 这座教堂多年来一直面临拆毀的威胁。
  • The project required the total demolition of the old bridge. 该项目要求将老桥完全拆毁。
24 situated JiYzBH     
adj.坐落在...的,处于某种境地的
参考例句:
  • The village is situated at the margin of a forest.村子位于森林的边缘。
  • She is awkwardly situated.她的处境困难。
25 restriction jW8x0     
n.限制,约束
参考例句:
  • The park is open to the public without restriction.这个公园对公众开放,没有任何限制。
  • The 30 mph speed restriction applies in all built-up areas.每小时限速30英里适用于所有建筑物聚集区。
26 unanimity uKWz4     
n.全体一致,一致同意
参考例句:
  • These discussions have led to a remarkable unanimity.这些讨论导致引人注目的一致意见。
  • There is no unanimity of opinion as to the best one.没有一个公认的最好意见。
27 consultation VZAyq     
n.咨询;商量;商议;会议
参考例句:
  • The company has promised wide consultation on its expansion plans.该公司允诺就其扩展计划广泛征求意见。
  • The scheme was developed in close consultation with the local community.该计划是在同当地社区密切磋商中逐渐形成的。
28 coordination Ho8zt     
n.协调,协作
参考例句:
  • Gymnastics is a sport that requires a considerable level of coordination.体操是一项需要高协调性的运动。
  • The perfect coordination of the dancers and singers added a rhythmic charm to the performance.舞蹈演员和歌手们配合得很好,使演出更具魅力。
29 demonstration 9waxo     
n.表明,示范,论证,示威
参考例句:
  • His new book is a demonstration of his patriotism.他写的新书是他的爱国精神的证明。
  • He gave a demonstration of the new technique then and there.他当场表演了这种新的操作方法。
30 appraisal hvFzt     
n.对…作出的评价;评价,鉴定,评估
参考例句:
  • What's your appraisal of the situation?你对局势是如何评估的?
  • We need to make a proper appraisal of his work.对于他的工作我们需要做出适当的评价。
31 demolish 1m7ze     
v.拆毁(建筑物等),推翻(计划、制度等)
参考例句:
  • They're going to demolish that old building.他们将拆毁那座旧建筑物。
  • He was helping to demolish an underground garage when part of the roof collapsed.他当时正在帮忙拆除一个地下汽车库,屋顶的一部份突然倒塌。
32 hazardous Iddxz     
adj.(有)危险的,冒险的;碰运气的
参考例句:
  • These conditions are very hazardous for shipping.这些情况对航海非常不利。
  • Everybody said that it was a hazardous investment.大家都说那是一次危险的投资。
33 obstruct sRCzR     
v.阻隔,阻塞(道路、通道等);n.阻碍物,障碍物
参考例句:
  • He became still more dissatisfied with it and secretly did everything in his power to obstruct it.他对此更不满意,尽在暗里使绊子。
  • The fallen trees obstruct the road.倒下的树将路堵住了。
34 interfere b5lx0     
v.(in)干涉,干预;(with)妨碍,打扰
参考例句:
  • If we interfere, it may do more harm than good.如果我们干预的话,可能弊多利少。
  • When others interfere in the affair,it always makes troubles. 别人一卷入这一事件,棘手的事情就来了。
35 violation lLBzJ     
n.违反(行为),违背(行为),侵犯
参考例句:
  • He roared that was a violation of the rules.他大声说,那是违反规则的。
  • He was fined 200 dollars for violation of traffic regulation.他因违反交通规则被罚款200美元。
36 rectification NUwx3     
n. 改正, 改订, 矫正
参考例句:
  • The process of producing a shift of the average value is called rectification. 产生平均值移动的过程叫做整流。
  • This effect, in analogy to its radiofrequency counterpart, is known as optical rectification. 同它的射频对应物相仿,这种现象称为光学整流。
37 rectify 8AezO     
v.订正,矫正,改正
参考例句:
  • The matter will rectify itself in a few days.那件事过几天就会变好。
  • You can rectify this fault if you insert a slash.插人一条斜线便可以纠正此错误。
38 cumulatively 85f7e89a7903a6e7704325e0ca991ac8     
adv.累积地,渐增地
参考例句:
  • Mind has become self-reproducing through man's capacity to transmit experience and its products cumulatively. 通过传递生活经验和积累创造的产品,人类的智慧在不断地进行着自我丰富。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • At first, the drug does no harm, but cumulatively its effects are bad. 这药开始对人没有害处,但连续服用后果就坏了。 来自《简明英汉词典》
39 penalized c88c37e7a177d0a347c36794aa587e91     
对…予以惩罚( penalize的过去式和过去分词 ); 使处于不利地位
参考例句:
  • You will be penalized for poor spelling. 你拼写不好将会受到处罚。
  • Team members will be penalized for lateness. 队员迟到要受处罚。
40 prosecuted Wk5zqY     
a.被起诉的
参考例句:
  • The editors are being prosecuted for obscenity. 编辑因刊载污秽文字而被起诉。
  • The company was prosecuted for breaching the Health and Safety Act. 这家公司被控违反《卫生安全条例》。
41 entrust JoLxh     
v.信赖,信托,交托
参考例句:
  • I couldn't entrust my children to strangers.我不能把孩子交给陌生人照看。
  • They can be entrusted to solve major national problems.可以委托他们解决重大国家问题。
42 entrustment 526b37b72a9ef9bd309909b523167da7     
[法]委托
参考例句:
  • The term of entrustment is divided into one-day five-day validity. 委托期限分为当日有效和五日有效。 来自互联网
  • Chapter three discusses the bureaucratic group and the congressional entrustment of legislation. 第三章讨论官僚集团与国会立法权的委托。 来自互联网
43 lawsuit A14xy     
n.诉讼,控诉
参考例句:
  • They threatened him with a lawsuit.他们以诉讼威逼他。
  • He was perpetually involving himself in this long lawsuit.他使自己无休止地卷入这场长时间的诉讼。
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