中华人民共和国自然保护区条例
REGULATIONS OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ON NATURE RESERVES

国务院令第167号
（Adopted at the 24th Executive Meeting of the State Council on September 2， 1994， promulgated¹ by Decree No. 167 of the State Council of the People's Republic of China on October 9， 1994， and effective as of December 1， 1994）
颁布日期：19941009 　实施日期：19941201 　颁布单位：国务院

　　Chapter I General Provisions

　　Article 1 The Regulations are formulated³ with a view to strengthening the construction and management of nature reserves and to protect the natural environment and resources.

　　Article 2 For the purpose of the Regulations， nature reserves refer to such areas， on land， inland water bodies， or marine⁴ districts， which represent various types of natural ecological⁵ systems， or with a natural concentrated distribution of rare and endangered wild animal or plant species， or where natural traces or other protected objects being of special significance are situated⁶， and so delimited out for special protection and administration according to relevant laws.

　　Article 3 Establishment and management of nature reserves within the territory of the People's Republic of China or the other sea areas under the jurisdiction⁷ of the People's Republic of China must comply with the Regulations.

　　Article 4 The state shall practice the economic and technological⁸ policies and measures favourable⁹ to the development of nature reserves， and incorporate the development planning of nature reserves into the national economic and social development plans.

　　Article 5 The local economic construction， the production activities and everyday life of local residents shall be properly considered when the nature reserves are established and managed.

　　Article 6 Nature reserves administrative¹⁰ agencies and their competent administrative departments may accept grants from both internal and external organizations and individuals for the establishment and management of nature reserves.

　　Article 7 The people's governments at or above the county level shall strengthen leadership for the work concerning nature reserves.

　　All units and individuals shall have the obligation to protect the natural environment and resources within nature reserves and have the right to report on or file charges against units or individuals who have destroyed or seized the nature reserves.

　　Article 8 The state shall practice a system which combines integrated management with separate departmental management for the management of nature reserves.

　　The competent department of environmental protection administration under the State Council is responsible for the integrated management of the nature reserves throughout the country.

　　The competent departments of forestry¹¹， agriculture， geology and mineral resources， water conservancy， and marine affairs and other departments concerned are responsible for relevant nature reserves under their jurisdiction.

　　The people's governments of provinces， autonomous¹² regions and municipalities directly under the central government shall decide， according to the specific condition of the locality， on the establishment and the responsibilities of the administrative departments of nature reserves in the people's governments at or above the county level.

　　Article 9 The people's governments at various levels shall give awards to units or individuals who have made outstanding contributions to the establishment and management of nature reserves and the related scientific research.

　　Chapter II The Establishment of Nature Reserves

　　Article 10 In the areas which meet one of the following requirements， a nature reserve shall be established：

　　（1） typical physic graphic¹³ areas with representative natural ecosystems¹⁴， and those similar areas where the natural eco systems have been damaged to some extent， but can be restored through proper protection；

　　（2） areas with a natural concentrated distribution of rare and endangered wild animal or plant species；

　　（3） those areas which are of special protection value， such as marine and coastal¹⁵ areas， islands， wetland， internal water bodies， forests， grassland¹⁶ and deserts；

　　（4） natural remains¹⁷ which are of scientific or cultural value， such as geological structures， famous karst caves， fossil distribution areas， glaciers¹⁸， volcanoes， and hot springs；

　　（5） other natural regions requiring special protection by the approval of the State Council or the people's governments of provinces， autonomous regions or municipalities directly under the central government.

　　Article 11 The nature reserves are divided into national nature reserves and local nature reserves.

　　National nature reserves are of typical significance in or out of the country， and have major international influence in science， or are of special value for scientific research.

　　Local nature reserves are those other than the national ones which are representative and significant for scientific research. Local nature reserves may be managed by local governments at separate levels. The specific measures shall be formulated by the competent department of nature reserves under the State Council or by the people's governments of provinces， autonomous regions or municipalities directly under the central government according to their specific conditions， and shall be submitted to the competent department of environmental protection administration under the State Council for the record.

　　Article 12 The establishment of a national nature reserve requires an application from the people's government of the province， autonomous region or municipality directly under the central government where the proposed nature reserve is located or by the competent department of nature reserves under the State Council. After the appraisal¹⁹ by the National Nature Reserves Appraisal Committee， the competent department of environmental protection administration under the State Council shall coordinate²⁰ with relevant department to provide appraisal comments on the application and then submit it to the State Council for approval.

　　The establishment of a local nature reserve requires an application from the people's government of the county， autonomous county， municipality or autonomous prefecture where the proposed nature reserve is located， or from competent department of nature reserves in the people's government of the relevant province， autonomous region or municipality directly under the central government. After the appraisal by the local nature reserves appraisal committee， the competent department of environmental protection administration in the people's government of the province， autonomous region or municipality directly under the central government shall coordinate with relevant departments to provide appraisal comments on the application and then submit it to the people's government of the province， autonomous region or the municipality directly under the central government for approval， and meanwhile submit it to the competent department of environmental protection administration under the State Council and the relevant competent administrative department of nature reserves under the State Council for the record.

　　The establishment of a nature reserve involving more than two administrative divisions， requires an application from the people's government of relevant regions after their consultation²¹. Then the application goes through the same procedures described in the preceding two paragraphs.

　　The establishment of maritime²² nature reserves must be approved by the State Council.

　　Article 13 In applying for the establishment of nature reserves， it is necessary to complete the nature reserve establishment report according to the relevant regulations of the state.

　　Article 14 The range and boundary of nature reserves shall be determined²³ by the people's government responsible for the approval of the establishment. The boundaries of nature reserves shall be indicated and announced to the public.

　　The determination of the range and boundaries of nature reserves shall be given consideration to the integrity and suitability of the protected object as well as the needs of local economic construction， the production activities and the everyday lives of local residents.

　　Article 15 The cancellation²⁴ of nature reserves or any change or adjustment made in its property， range or boundaries shall be approved by the people's government responsible for the approval of the establishment of the nature reserves.

　　No units or individuals shall move the landmarks²⁵ of nature reserves without authorization²⁶.

　　Article 16 Nature reserves shall be named in the following ways：

　　National nature reserves： Name of the location + “National Nature Reserves”。

　　Local nature reserves： Name of the location + “Local Nature Reserves”。

　　If a nature reserve has its own special protected object， the name of the object may be added after the name of the location.

　　Article 17 The competent department of environmental protection administration under the State Council shall， together with the competent administrative department of nature reserves under the State Council， formulate² programs for the development of national nature reserves based upon the detailed²⁷ investigation²⁸ and evaluation²⁹ of the natural environment and resources of the whole country. After the overall balancing by the competent planning department under the State Council， these programs shall be submitted to the State Council for final approval and implementation³¹.

　　The nature reserves administrative agencies or competent administrative department of a particular nature reserve shall draw up the construction plans for nature reserves， which shall be included in the national， local or departmental investment plans according to certain stipulated³² procedures， and organize their implementation.

　　Article 18 Nature reserves may be divided into three parts： the core area， buffer³³ zone and experimental zone.

　　The intact natural ecosystems and the areas where the rare and endangered animals or plants are concentratedly distributed within nature reserves， shall be included in the core area into which no units or individuals are allowed to enter. Scientific research activities are generally prohibited in the core area except for those approved according to Article 27 of the Regulations.

　　Certain amount of area surrounding the core area may be designated as the buffer zone， where only scientific observations and other research activities are allowed.

　　The area surrounding the buffer zone may be designated as the experimental zone， where may be entered for various activities such as scientific experiment， educational practice， visit and investigation， tourism， and the domestication³⁴ and breeding of rare and endangered wild animal or plant species.

　　If the people's government responsible for the approval of the establishment of the nature reserves thinks it necessary， certain amount of area surrounding the nature reserve may be designated as the outer protection area.

　　Chapter III Management of Nature Reserves

　　Article 19 The competent department of environmental protection administration under the State Council shall organize relevant administrative departments of nature reserves under the State Council to formulate national technical regulations and standards for the management of nature reserves.

　　The relevant competent administrative departments of nature reserves under the State Council shall， within the field of division of work， formulate the technical regulations on the management of various types of nature reserves， and submit them to the competent department of environmental protection administration under the State Council for the record.

　　Article 20 The competent departments of environmental protection administration in the people's governments at or above the county level shall have the right to conduct supervision³⁵ and inspection³⁶ on the management of all the nature reserves within their administrative division. The relevant competent administrative departments of nature reserves in the people's government at or above the county level shall have the right to conduct supervision and inspection on the management of the nature reserves they are responsible for. The units subject to inspection shall truthfully report the situation to them and provide them with the necessary information. The inspectors³⁷ shall keep confidential³⁸ technological know-how³⁹ and business secrets of the units inspected.

　　Article 21 The competent administrative departments of the nature reserves of the people's governments of provinces， autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government or the competent administrative department of nature reserves under the State Council shall be responsible for the management of the national nature reserves. The competent administrative department of nature reserves in the people's governments at or above the county level shall be responsible for the management of the local nature reserves within their administrative divisions.

　　The relevant competent administrative departments of nature reserves shall set up a special administrative agency in each nature reserve， provide specialized⁴⁰ technical staff who shall be responsible for the management of the nature reserves.

　　Article 22 The major functions of administrative agencies of nature reserves shall be as follows：

　　（1） to implement³⁰ relevant laws， regulations， guidelines and policies formulated by the state on nature conservation；

　　（2） to formulate various management regulations so as to exert unified⁴¹ management on the nature reserves；

　　（3） to investigate into the natural resources and set up necessary records accordingly and organize environmental monitoring in order to protect the natural environment and resources in the nature reserves；

　　（4） to organize or assist relevant departments to make scientific researches on the nature reserves；

　　（5） to carry out education and public programs on nature conservation；

　　（6） to organize activities such as visiting and sightseeing tour in the nature reserves on the presupposition that the natural environment and resources of the nature reserve shall not be affected⁴² by such activities.

　　Article 23 The expenses needed for the management of the nature reserves shall be arranged by the people's government at or above the county level of the region where the nature reserves are located. The state shall subsidize the management of national nature reserves appropriately.

　　Article 24 The public security agency of the region where the nature reserves are located may， according to the necessity， set up representative office within the nature reserves to maintain public order in the areas.

　　Article 25 The units， residents inside the nature reserves and the personnel allowed to enter into the nature reserves shall comply with various regulations of administration， and subject themselves to the management of the administrative agency of the nature reserves.

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