中外合作制作电视剧管理规定
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国家广播电影电视总局令第41号

颁布日期:20040921  实施日期:20041021  颁布单位:国家广播电影电视总局

  No. 41

  The Provisions on the Administration of Sino-foreign Cooperation in the Production of TV Plays, adopted at the executive meeting of this Administration on June 15th, 2004, are hereby promulgated1 and shall be implemented2 as of October 21st, 2004.

  Xu Guangchun, Director

  September 21st, 2004

  Provisions on the Administration of Sino-foreign Cooperation in the Production of TV Plays

  Article 1 With a view to promoting Sino-foreign cultural exchange, boosting the creation of TV plays, strengthening the administration of the production of TV plays through Sino-foreign cooperation and protecting the legitimate4 rights and interests of the producers, the present Provisions are formulated5.

  Article 2 The present Provisions shall apply to the activities of producing TV plays (including TV cartoons) through cooperation between domestic radio and television program production institutions (hereinafter referred to as the Chinese party) and foreign legal persons and natural persons (hereinafter referred to as the foreign party)。

  Article 3 The State Administration of Radio, Film and Television (hereinafter referred to as the SARFT) shall be responsible for the administration of the production of TV plays (including TV cartoons) through Sino-foreign cooperation and shall regulate and control the overseas cooperation parties, quantities and subjects thereof.

  A provincial6 radio and television administrative7 department shall be responsible for the specific administration of the production of the TV plays (including TV cartoons) through Sino-foreign cooperation within its administrative area.

  Article 4 The state shall adopt a licensing8 system for the production of TV plays (including TV cartoons) through Sino-foreign cooperation.

  Without approval, no one may undertake the activities of producing TV plays (including TV cartoons) through Sino-foreign cooperation. Without passing the examination, no Sino-foreign cooperative TV play (or TV cartoon) after completion may be distributed or broadcasted.

  Article 5 The following ways may be adopted in the production of TV plays through Sino-foreign cooperation:

  (1) Joint9 production, which means that in the production of TV plays (including TV cartoons) both the Chinese party and the foreign party jointly10 make investments, assign key production personnel, share the benefits and bear the risks;

  (2) Collaborative production, which means that in the production of TV plays the foreign party make investments, offer key production personnel and shoot all or part of the outdoor scenes; the Chinese party provides labor11 services or equipment, appliances and places;

  (3) Entrusted12 production, which means that in the production of TV plays the foreign party makes investments and entrusts13 the Chinese party to produce it.

  Article 6 An applicant14 shall fulfill15 the following requirements when it files an application for initiative of the plan on the production of TV plays through Sino-foreign joint production:

  (1) The Chinese party shall have a TV Play Production License16 (Class A);

  (2) The Chinese party shall simultaneously17 file an application to the SARFT for an approval of the plan on the subject of the TV play through Sino-foreign joint production;

  (3) Joint investments are made by both parties including direct investments in currency, and investments by converting labor services, kind or advertising18 time into money;

  (4) The main creative elements, such as the prophase initiatives and the writing of screenplay, shall be determined19 by both parties;

  (5) Both parties shall jointly assign production personnel and technicians to participate in the whole process of production. Among the key production personnel of the TV play (play-writer, producer, director, main actors and actresses, etc.), the persons assigned by the Chinese party shall not be less than 1/3; and

  (6) The domestic and overseas copyright of the TV play shall be jointly owned by both the Chinese and foreign parties.

  Article 7 An applicant shall submit the following materials in writing when it file an application for initiative of the plan on the production of TV plays through Sino-foreign joint production:

  (1) An application;

  (2) A photocopy20 of the TV Play Production License (Class A);

  (3) The preliminary examination opinions of the provincial radio and television administrative department (apart from the circumstance that a Chinese production institution directly files an application to the SARFT for TV Play Production License (Class A));

  (4) An abstract for each episode with at least 5,000 Chinese characters, or a complete screenplay;

  (5) The name list and resumes of the key production personnel (play-writer, producer, director, main actors and actresses, etc.) both at home and abroad;

  (6) The production plan, domestic scenes for shooting and detailed21 shooting program;

  (7) The letter of intent for cooperation; and

  (8) A legal person registration22 certification of the foreign party (in case the foreign party is natural person, his resume shall be submitted) and certification of credit standing23. The examination and approval organ may require the foreign party to submit a notarized foreign third-party guarantee letter.

  Article 8 An applicant shall fulfill the following requirements when it files an application for initiative of the production of TV cartoons through Sino-foreign joint production:

  (1) The Chinese party shall possess a Radio and TV Program Production and Business Operation License;

  (2) The Chinese party shall simultaneously file an application to the SARFT for an approval of the plan on the subject of the TV cartoon through Sino-foreign joint production;

  (3) Joint investments are made by both parties including direct investments in currency, and investments by converting labor services, kind or advertising time into money;

  (4) The main creative elements, such as the forepart initiatives and the writing of screenplay, shall be determined by both parties; and

  (5) The domestic and overseas copyright of the TV cartoon shall be jointly owned by both the Chinese and foreign parties.

  Article 9 An applicant shall submit the following materials in writing when it files an application for initiative of the plan on the subject of TV cartoons through Sino-foreign joint production:

  (1) An application;

  (2) A photocopy of Radio and TV Program Production and Business Operation License;

  (3) The preliminary examination opinions of the provincial radio and television administrative department (apart from the circumstance that a Chinese production institution directly files an application to the SARFT for TV Play Production License (Class A));

  (4) An abstract for each episode with at least 500 Chinese characters, or a complete screenplay;

  (5) The letter of intent for cooperation; and

  (6) A legal person registration certification of the foreign party (in case the foreign party is natural person, his resume shall be submitted) and certification of credit standing. The examination and approval organ may require the foreign party to submit a notarized foreign third-party guarantee letter.

  Article 10 An applicant shall submit the following materials in writing when it files an application for the production of TV plays through Sino-foreign collaborative production or entrusted production:

  (1) An application;

  (2) An abstract for each episode with at least 1,500 Chinese characters, or a complete screenplay;

  (3) The name list of the key production personnel (including the play-writer, producer, director, main actors and actresses, etc.);

  (4) The domestic shooting scenes and the shooting plan;

  (5) The letter of intent for cooperation; and

  (6) The examination and approval organ may require the foreign party to provide relevant credit standing certifications.

  Article 11 A Chinese production institution as the Chinese party that directly files an applications to the SARFT for a TV Play Production License (Class A) shall file an application to the SARFT for the approval of producing a TV play (or TV cartoon) through Sino-foreign Cooperation.

  In case any other production institution as the Chinese party files an application for approval of producing TV plays (including TV cartoons) through Sino-foreign Cooperation, upon permission of the local provincial radio and television administrative department, the application shall be submitted to the SARFT for examination and approval.

  Article 12 After the SARFT formally accepts an application for producing TV plays (including TV cartoons) through Sino-foreign cooperation, it shall decide whether to approve the application within the statutory time limit. Where the TV play (including TV cartoons) is to be produced through Sino-foreign joint production, the time limit for the examination shall be 50 days (including 30 days for expert appraisal24)。 Where the TV play (including TV cartoons) is to be produced through Sino-foreign collaborative production or entrusted production, the time limit for examination shall be 20 days. Where the application fulfills25 the relevant requirements, the SARFT shall issue a reply of approval; in case it doesn't fulfill the relevant requirements, the SARFT shall issue a notice in writing to the applicant and make an explanation.

  In case the applicant refuses to accept the decision of disapproval26, it may file an application to the SARFT for reexamination within 60 days after it receives the decision. The SARFT shall make a decision of reexamination within 50 days, during the period of which the time for expert appraisal shall be 30 days.

  Article 13 After the TV play (including TV cartoons) has been completed through Sino-foreign joint production, it shall be submitted to the radio and television administrative department at the provincial level or above for examination in accordance with the procedure as provided for in Article 11 of the present Provisions.

  Article 14 An applicant that files an application for the examination of a TV play (TV cartoon) after completion through Sino-foreign joint production shall submit the following materials:

  (1) The preliminary examination opinions of the provincial radio and television administrative department (apart from the circumstance that a Chinese production institution directly files an application to the SARFT for TV Play Production License (Class A));

  (2) The reply of the SARFT about approval of shooting and a photocopy of the approval of the plan on the subject of the TV play (TV cartoon) to be produced through Sino-foreign Cooperation;

  (3) A complete set of L1/2 video tapes, of which the pictures, sound and time code shall fulfill the examination requirements;

  (4) An abstract for each episode with at least 300 Chinese characters; and

  (5) The captions27 for the beginning and end of the TV play (including TV cartoons) identical with those in the sample video tape.

  Article 15 After the SARFT formally accepts an application for the examination of a TV play (including TV cartoons) after completion through Sino-foreign joint production, it shall decide whether to approve the grant of an administrative license within 50 days, during the period of which the time for expert appraisal shall be 30 days. Where the TV play (including TV cartoons) after completion fulfills the relevant requirements, the SARFT shall issue a TV Play (TV Cartoon) Distribution License; in case it doesn't fulfill the relevant requirements, the SARFT shall give a notice in writing and make an explanation.

  In case the applicant refuses to accept the decision of disapproval of granting an administrative license, it may file an application to the SARFT for reexamination within 60 days after it receives the decision. The SARFT shall make a decision of reexamination within the time limit as stipulated28 in the preceding paragraph and shall notify the applicant of the decision in writing. In case the applicant passes the reexamination, the SARFT shall issue it a TV Play (TV Cartoon) Distribution License. .

  Article 16 No substantial change may be randomly29 made to a screenplay with reply of the SARFT about shooting approval or to a completed TV play (TV cartoon) with a TV Play (TV Cartoon) Distribution License. In case there is real necessity to modify its name, main characters, main stories or chapter length, a new application shall be filed pursuant to the present Provisions.

  Article 17 The state encourages Chinese and foreign cooperators to produce TV plays embodying31 good Chinese national tradition and progress of human civilization and to make TV cartoons for the purpose of shaping Chinese cartoon images.

  No TV play (or TV cartoon) produced through Sino-foreign cooperation may contain the following contents:

  (1) Opposing the basic principles determined by the Constitution;

  (2) Endangering the unity32, sovereignty and territorial33 integrity of the state;

  (3) Divulging34 the state secrets, endangering state security or damaging the honor and interests of the state;

  (4) Inciting35 hatred36 or discrimination among ethical37 groups, undermining the solidarity38 among ethical groups, or disrespecting ethical customs or practices;

  (5) Advocating cult3 and superstition39

  (6) Disrupting social order and harming social stability;

  (7) Advocating obscenity, gambling40 or violence, or instigating41 crimes;

  (8) Insulting or defaming others, and infringing42 upon others' legitimate rights and interests;

  (9) Harming the social morality or the excellent national culture and tradition; or

  (10) Containing other contents that are prohibited by the laws, administrative regulations or provisions of the state.

  Article 18 A TV cartoon made through Sino-foreign joint production that aims to embody30 Chinese characteristics can be broadcasted as a domestically produced TV Cartoon.

  Article 19 A TV play (including TV cartoons) made by Sino-foreign joint production shall have a version in Mandarin43. In accordance with the needs of distribution, a version in language of the corresponding country, region or ethical minority may be made upon consent of the cooperators.

  Article 20 Anyone in violation44 of the present Provisions shall be punished according to the Regulation on Radio and Television. In case any crime is constituted, it (he) shall be subject to the criminal liabilities.

  Article 21 The production of TV plays (including TV cartoons) by cooperating with legal persons or natural persons from Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Macao Special Administrative Region or Taiwan Region shall abide45 by the present Provisions.

  Article 22 The present Provisions shall be implemented as of October 21st, 2004. The Provisions on the Production of TV Plays (Video Tapes) (Order No. 15 of the Ministry46 of Radio, Film and Television) shall be abolished simultaneously.



点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 promulgated a4e9ce715ee72e022795b8072a6e618f     
v.宣扬(某事物)( promulgate的过去式和过去分词 );传播;公布;颁布(法令、新法律等)
参考例句:
  • Hence China has promulgated more than 30 relevant laws, statutes and regulations. 中国为此颁布的法律、法规和规章多达30余项。 来自汉英非文学 - 白皮书
  • The shipping industry promulgated a voluntary code. 航运业对自律守则进行了宣传。 来自辞典例句
2 implemented a0211e5272f6fc75ac06e2d62558aff0     
v.实现( implement的过去式和过去分词 );执行;贯彻;使生效
参考例句:
  • This agreement, if not implemented, is a mere scrap of paper. 这个协定如不执行只不过是一纸空文。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
  • The economy is in danger of collapse unless far-reaching reforms are implemented. 如果不实施影响深远的改革,经济就面临崩溃的危险。 来自辞典例句
3 cult 3nPzm     
n.异教,邪教;时尚,狂热的崇拜
参考例句:
  • Her books aren't bestsellers,but they have a certain cult following.她的书算不上畅销书,但有一定的崇拜者。
  • The cult of sun worship is probably the most primitive one.太阳崇拜仪式或许是最为原始的一种。
4 legitimate L9ZzJ     
adj.合法的,合理的,合乎逻辑的;v.使合法
参考例句:
  • Sickness is a legitimate reason for asking for leave.生病是请假的一个正当的理由。
  • That's a perfectly legitimate fear.怀有这种恐惧完全在情理之中。
5 formulated cfc86c2c7185ae3f93c4d8a44e3cea3c     
v.构想出( formulate的过去式和过去分词 );规划;确切地阐述;用公式表示
参考例句:
  • He claims that the writer never consciously formulated his own theoretical position. 他声称该作家从未有意识地阐明他自己的理论见解。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • This idea can be formulated in two different ways. 这个意思可以有两种说法。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
6 provincial Nt8ye     
adj.省的,地方的;n.外省人,乡下人
参考例句:
  • City dwellers think country folk have provincial attitudes.城里人以为乡下人思想迂腐。
  • Two leading cadres came down from the provincial capital yesterday.昨天从省里下来了两位领导干部。
7 administrative fzDzkc     
adj.行政的,管理的
参考例句:
  • The administrative burden must be lifted from local government.必须解除地方政府的行政负担。
  • He regarded all these administrative details as beneath his notice.他认为行政管理上的这些琐事都不值一顾。
8 licensing 7352ce0b4e0665659ae6466c18decb2a     
v.批准,许可,颁发执照( license的现在分词 )
参考例句:
  • A large part of state regulation consists of occupational licensing. 大部分州的管理涉及行业的特许批准。 来自英汉非文学 - 行政法
  • That licensing procedures for projects would move faster. 这样的工程批准程序一定会加快。 来自辞典例句
9 joint m3lx4     
adj.联合的,共同的;n.关节,接合处;v.连接,贴合
参考例句:
  • I had a bad fall,which put my shoulder out of joint.我重重地摔了一跤,肩膀脫臼了。
  • We wrote a letter in joint names.我们联名写了封信。
10 jointly jp9zvS     
ad.联合地,共同地
参考例句:
  • Tenants are jointly and severally liable for payment of the rent. 租金由承租人共同且分别承担。
  • She owns the house jointly with her husband. 她和丈夫共同拥有这所房子。
11 labor P9Tzs     
n.劳动,努力,工作,劳工;分娩;vi.劳动,努力,苦干;vt.详细分析;麻烦
参考例句:
  • We are never late in satisfying him for his labor.我们从不延误付给他劳动报酬。
  • He was completely spent after two weeks of hard labor.艰苦劳动两周后,他已经疲惫不堪了。
12 entrusted be9f0db83b06252a0a462773113f94fa     
v.委托,托付( entrust的过去式和过去分词 )
参考例句:
  • He entrusted the task to his nephew. 他把这任务托付给了他的侄儿。
  • She was entrusted with the direction of the project. 她受委托负责这项计划。 来自《简明英汉词典》
13 entrusts a3ff4fbea64266c1bf9202c4dff54dce     
v.委托,托付( entrust的第三人称单数 )
参考例句:
  • It is the bank to which the seller entrusts the documents. 一方是托收银行,是受卖方的委托接收单据的银行。 来自互联网
  • Mr. Thomas entrusts the Bank of Paris to pay money to us. 托马斯先生委托巴黎银行向我们付款。 来自互联网
14 applicant 1MlyX     
n.申请人,求职者,请求者
参考例句:
  • He was the hundredth applicant for the job. 他是第100个申请这项工作的人。
  • In my estimation, the applicant is well qualified for this job. 据我看, 这位应征者完全具备这项工作的条件。
15 fulfill Qhbxg     
vt.履行,实现,完成;满足,使满意
参考例句:
  • If you make a promise you should fulfill it.如果你许诺了,你就要履行你的诺言。
  • This company should be able to fulfill our requirements.这家公司应该能够满足我们的要求。
16 license B9TzU     
n.执照,许可证,特许;v.许可,特许
参考例句:
  • The foreign guest has a license on the person.这个外国客人随身携带执照。
  • The driver was arrested for having false license plates on his car.司机由于使用假车牌而被捕。
17 simultaneously 4iBz1o     
adv.同时发生地,同时进行地
参考例句:
  • The radar beam can track a number of targets almost simultaneously.雷达波几乎可以同时追着多个目标。
  • The Windows allow a computer user to execute multiple programs simultaneously.Windows允许计算机用户同时运行多个程序。
18 advertising 1zjzi3     
n.广告业;广告活动 a.广告的;广告业务的
参考例句:
  • Can you give me any advice on getting into advertising? 你能指点我如何涉足广告业吗?
  • The advertising campaign is aimed primarily at young people. 这个广告宣传运动主要是针对年轻人的。
19 determined duszmP     
adj.坚定的;有决心的
参考例句:
  • I have determined on going to Tibet after graduation.我已决定毕业后去西藏。
  • He determined to view the rooms behind the office.他决定查看一下办公室后面的房间。
20 photocopy XlFzlM     
n.影印本;v.影印
参考例句:
  • The original reproduces clearly in a photocopy.原件复印得十分清晰。
  • What's wrong with the photocopy machine?复印机出了什么问题?
21 detailed xuNzms     
adj.详细的,详尽的,极注意细节的,完全的
参考例句:
  • He had made a detailed study of the terrain.他对地形作了缜密的研究。
  • A detailed list of our publications is available on request.我们的出版物有一份详细的目录备索。
22 registration ASKzO     
n.登记,注册,挂号
参考例句:
  • Marriage without registration is not recognized by law.法律不承认未登记的婚姻。
  • What's your registration number?你挂的是几号?
23 standing 2hCzgo     
n.持续,地位;adj.永久的,不动的,直立的,不流动的
参考例句:
  • After the earthquake only a few houses were left standing.地震过后只有几幢房屋还立着。
  • They're standing out against any change in the law.他们坚决反对对法律做任何修改。
24 appraisal hvFzt     
n.对…作出的评价;评价,鉴定,评估
参考例句:
  • What's your appraisal of the situation?你对局势是如何评估的?
  • We need to make a proper appraisal of his work.对于他的工作我们需要做出适当的评价。
25 fulfills 192c9e43c3273d87e5e92f3b1994933e     
v.履行(诺言等)( fulfill的第三人称单数 );执行(命令等);达到(目的);使结束
参考例句:
  • He always fulfills his promises. 他总是履行自己的诺言。 来自辞典例句
  • His own work amply fulfills this robust claim. 他自己的作品在很大程度上实现了这一正确主张。 来自辞典例句
26 disapproval VuTx4     
n.反对,不赞成
参考例句:
  • The teacher made an outward show of disapproval.老师表面上表示不同意。
  • They shouted their disapproval.他们喊叫表示反对。
27 captions 6b4aeece714abf706fa5b974cc5a9a41     
n.标题,说明文字,字幕( caption的名词复数 )v.给(图片、照片等)加说明文字( caption的第三人称单数 )
参考例句:
  • I stared, trying to grasp the point of the picture and the captions. 我目不转睛地看着漫画,想弄清楚漫画和解说词的意思。 来自辞典例句
  • Indicates whether the user or the system paints the captions. 指示是由用户还是由系统来绘制标题。 来自互联网
28 stipulated 5203a115be4ee8baf068f04729d1e207     
vt.& vi.规定;约定adj.[法]合同规定的
参考例句:
  • A delivery date is stipulated in the contract. 合同中规定了交货日期。
  • Yes, I think that's what we stipulated. 对呀,我想那是我们所订定的。 来自辞典例句
29 randomly cktzBM     
adv.随便地,未加计划地
参考例句:
  • Within the hot gas chamber, molecules are moving randomly in all directions. 在灼热的气体燃烧室内,分子在各个方向上作无规运动。 来自辞典例句
  • Transformed cells are loosely attached, rounded and randomly oriented. 转化细胞则不大贴壁、圆缩并呈杂乱分布。 来自辞典例句
30 embody 4pUxx     
vt.具体表达,使具体化;包含,收录
参考例句:
  • The latest locomotives embody many new features. 这些最新的机车具有许多新的特色。
  • Hemingway's characters plainly embody his own values and view of life.海明威笔下的角色明确反映出他自己的价值观与人生观。
31 embodying 6e759eac57252cfdb6d5d502ccc75f4b     
v.表现( embody的现在分词 );象征;包括;包含
参考例句:
  • Every instrument constitutes an independent contract embodying a payment obligation. 每张票据都构成一份独立的体现支付义务的合同。 来自口语例句
  • Fowth, The aesthetical transcendency and the beauty embodying the man's liberty. \" 第四部分:审美的超越和作为人类自由最终体现的“美”。 来自互联网
32 unity 4kQwT     
n.团结,联合,统一;和睦,协调
参考例句:
  • When we speak of unity,we do not mean unprincipled peace.所谓团结,并非一团和气。
  • We must strengthen our unity in the face of powerful enemies.大敌当前,我们必须加强团结。
33 territorial LImz4     
adj.领土的,领地的
参考例句:
  • The country is fighting to preserve its territorial integrity.该国在为保持领土的完整而进行斗争。
  • They were not allowed to fish in our territorial waters.不允许他们在我国领海捕鱼。
34 divulging 18a04cd5f36a1fea8b76cc6a92e35f2b     
v.吐露,泄露( divulge的现在分词 )
参考例句:
  • The soldier was shot for divulging the plans to the enemy. 这个士兵因向敌人泄密被击毙。 来自互联网
  • Gives itself a small seat. Divulging heartily. 给自己一个小位子。尽情的宣泄。 来自互联网
35 inciting 400c07a996057ecbd0e695a596404e52     
刺激的,煽动的
参考例句:
  • What are you up to inciting mutiny and insubordination? 你们干吗在这里煽动骚动的叛乱呀。
  • He was charged with inciting people to rebel. 他被控煽动民众起来叛乱。
36 hatred T5Gyg     
n.憎恶,憎恨,仇恨
参考例句:
  • He looked at me with hatred in his eyes.他以憎恨的眼光望着我。
  • The old man was seized with burning hatred for the fascists.老人对法西斯主义者充满了仇恨。
37 ethical diIz4     
adj.伦理的,道德的,合乎道德的
参考例句:
  • It is necessary to get the youth to have a high ethical concept.必须使青年具有高度的道德观念。
  • It was a debate which aroused fervent ethical arguments.那是一场引发强烈的伦理道德争论的辩论。
38 solidarity ww9wa     
n.团结;休戚相关
参考例句:
  • They must preserve their solidarity.他们必须维护他们的团结。
  • The solidarity among China's various nationalities is as firm as a rock.中国各族人民之间的团结坚如磐石。
39 superstition VHbzg     
n.迷信,迷信行为
参考例句:
  • It's a common superstition that black cats are unlucky.认为黑猫不吉祥是一种很普遍的迷信。
  • Superstition results from ignorance.迷信产生于无知。
40 gambling ch4xH     
n.赌博;投机
参考例句:
  • They have won a lot of money through gambling.他们赌博赢了很多钱。
  • The men have been gambling away all night.那些人赌了整整一夜。
41 instigating 5b4b9f7431ece326d7b1568b7f708ce7     
v.使(某事物)开始或发生,鼓动( instigate的现在分词 )
参考例句:
  • Distant but clear Longyin instigating the eardrums of every person. 遥远却清晰的龙吟鼓动着每一个人的耳膜。 来自互联网
  • The leader was charged with instigating the workers to put down tools. 那位领导人被指控煽动工人罢工。 来自互联网
42 infringing 9830a3397dcc37350ee4c468f7bfe45a     
v.违反(规章等)( infringe的现在分词 );侵犯(某人的权利);侵害(某人的自由、权益等)
参考例句:
  • The material can be copied without infringing copyright. 这份材料可以复制,不会侵犯版权。
  • The media is accused of infringing on people's privacy. 人们指责媒体侵犯了大家的隐私。 来自《简明英汉词典》
43 Mandarin TorzdX     
n.中国官话,国语,满清官吏;adj.华丽辞藻的
参考例句:
  • Just over one billion people speak Mandarin as their native tongue.大约有十亿以上的人口以华语为母语。
  • Mandarin will be the new official language of the European Union.普通话会变成欧盟新的官方语言。
44 violation lLBzJ     
n.违反(行为),违背(行为),侵犯
参考例句:
  • He roared that was a violation of the rules.他大声说,那是违反规则的。
  • He was fined 200 dollars for violation of traffic regulation.他因违反交通规则被罚款200美元。
45 abide UfVyk     
vi.遵守;坚持;vt.忍受
参考例句:
  • You must abide by the results of your mistakes.你必须承担你的错误所造成的后果。
  • If you join the club,you have to abide by its rules.如果你参加俱乐部,你就得遵守它的规章。
46 ministry kD5x2     
n.(政府的)部;牧师
参考例句:
  • They sent a deputation to the ministry to complain.他们派了一个代表团到部里投诉。
  • We probed the Air Ministry statements.我们调查了空军部的记录。
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