In 1948, Sir Ludwig Guttmann organized a sports competition involving World War II veterans with a spinal¹ cord injury in Stoke Mandeville, England. Four years later, competitors from the Netherlands joined the games and an international movement was born. Olympic style games for athletes with a disability were organized for the first time in Rome in 1960, now called Paralympics. In Toronto in 1976, other disability groups were added and the idea of merging² together different disability groups for international sport competitions was born. In the same year, the first Paralympic Winter Games took place in Sweden.

Today, the Paralympics are elite³ sport events for athletes from six different disability groups. They emphasize, however, the participants' athletic⁴ achievements rather than their disability. The movement has grown dramatically since its first days. The number of athletes participating in Summer Paralympic Games has increased from 400 athletes from 23 countries in Rome in 1960 to 3806 athletes from 136 countries in Athens in 2004.

The Paralympic Games have always been held in the same year as the Olympic Games. Since the Seoul 1988 Paralympic Games and the Albertville 1992 Winter Paralympic Games they have also taken place at the same venues⁵ as the Olympics. On 19 June 2001, an agreement was signed between IOC and IPC securing this practice for the future. From the 2012 bid process onwards, the host city chosen to host the Olympic Games will be obliged to also host the Paralympics.

---

大意：
　　残疾人体育运动可追溯到第一次世界大战期间,欧洲战场上致残的士兵自发组织起来进行的康复活动,这便是现代残疾人体育运动发展的雏形。1948年英国斯托克·曼德维尔国立脊髓损伤中心举办了残疾人体育比赛,当时只有16名坐在轮椅上的伤残士兵参加,该运动会每年举行一次,规模逐渐扩大到其它国家，1952年起变成国际性体育活动。
　　1960年，意大利首次举办世界残疾人运动会，来自欧美23个国家的400多名运动员聚集罗马同场竞技。1976年，国际残疾人组织决定，斯托克·曼德维尔运动会与世界残疾人运动会合并，在加拿大的多伦多举办了第一届国际伤残人奥运会，来自40个国家的1000多名残疾人运动员参加。
　　1983年5月，国际奥委会决定从1984年夏季奥运会起,首次设立残疾人比赛项目；1988年起,冬季和夏季奥运会的残疾人比赛项目被列为永久性项目；申办奥运会的城市,必须同时申办残奥会；奥运会后一个月内，在奥运会举办城市的奥运场地上举行残疾人奥运会。

上一篇：古代奥运会的神圣休战条约介绍 下一篇：历届夏季奥运会吉祥物(1972-2008)