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In its first official guideline on teachers' rights to discipline students, the Ministry1 of Education said primary and secondary school teachers have the authority to hand out punishment and clarified the kinds of punishment not allowed.
教育部第一次以部门规章的形式对教育惩戒做出规定,规定中小学教师和学校可以对学生实施的教育惩戒方式,同时明确了教师实施惩戒过程中被禁止的行为。
根据程度轻重,《规则》将教育惩戒分为一般教育惩戒、较重教育惩戒和严重教育惩戒三类。
一般教育惩戒适用于违规违纪情节轻微的学生,包括点名批评(named and shamed)、做口头或者书面检讨(make oral or written apology)、增加额外教学或者班级公益服务任务(do extra homework or classroom chores)、一节课堂教学时间内的教室内站立(stand in the classroom for one class period)、课后教导(receive after-school discipline)等;
较重教育惩戒适用于违规违纪情节较重或者经当场教育惩戒拒不改正的学生,包括德育工作负责人训导(receive counseling)、承担校内公共服务(perform public service on campus)、接受专门的校规校纪和行为规则教育(isolated for discipline)、被暂停或者限制参加游览以及其他集体活动(extracurricular activities suspended)等;
严重教育惩戒适用于违规违纪情节严重或者影响恶劣,且必须是小学高年级、初中和高中阶段的学生,包括停课停学(suspended from school)、法治副校长或者法治辅导员训诫(see a school counselor)、专门人员辅导矫治(go through correction session)等。
《规则》细化了禁止实施的七类不当教育行为:
二是超限度惩罚(hand out excessive punishment),超过正常限度的罚站、反复抄写,强制做不适的动作或者姿势(make them assume physically3 uncomfortable positions),以及刻意孤立(intentional isolation4)等间接伤害身体、心理的变相体罚;
三是言行侮辱贬损,辱骂或者以歧视性、侮辱性的言行侵犯学生人格尊严(verbally abuse students);
五是因学生个人的学习成绩而惩罚学生(punish students for poor academic performance);
六是因个人情绪、好恶实施或者选择性实施教育惩戒(hand out punishments based on their personal preference);
七是指派学生代替自己对其他学生实施教育惩戒(ask students to punish their peers)。
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