1. THE WORD SOLSTICE TRANSLATES TO "SUN STAND STILL."

冬至英文solstice的意思是“太阳静止不动”

 

Solstice derives¹ from the Latin term solstitium, containing sol, which means "sun," and the past participle stem of sistere, meaning "to make stand." This comes from the fact that the sun's position in the sky relative to the horizon at noon, which increases and decreases throughout the year, appears to pause in the days surrounding the solstice.

冬至英文solstice源于拉丁文solstitium，sol意思是“太阳”，stitium是sistere的过去分词形式，意思是“停下来”。这是基于对正午时分太阳在天空中位置的观察，太阳的位置会随着四季轮回升降，而在冬至前后太阳似乎停下来不动了。

 

2. ANCIENT CULTURES VIEWED THE WINTER SOLSTICE AS A TIME OF DEATH AND REBIRTH.

古代文化将冬至视为死亡和重生的时节

 

The seeming death of the light and very real threat of starvation over the winter months would have weighed heavily on early societies, who held varied² solstice celebrations and rites³ meant to herald⁴ the return of the sun and hope for new life. Cattle and other animals were slaughtered⁵ around midwinter, followed by feasting on what was the last fresh meat for several months.

冬月里黑夜漫漫，太阳似乎远去了。在饥饿的威胁下，古人会举行各种冬至庆祝活动和仪式来迎接太阳的回归，期待新生的来临。冬至时节古人会宰杀牲口和其他动物，然后在接下来几个月尽情享用最后的鲜肉。

 

3. EARTH IS CLOSEST TO THE SUN AROUND THE WINTER SOLSTICE.

冬至前后地球距离太阳最近

 

Though it doesn't feel like it in the Northern Hemisphere, Earth is closer to the sun in early January— approximately 3 million miles closer—than it is in early July. The shortest distance between the sun and a planet is called perihelion; in 2021, Earth was at perihelion on January 2.

尽管身在北半球的你可能感觉不到，但是地球在1月初比7月初距离太阳更近，近了大约300万英里。太阳和一颗行星最短的距离叫作近日点，2021年地球于1月2日到达近日点。

 

Despite the proximity⁶ to the sun, the reason for cold temperatures is because the Northern Hemisphere receives less sunlight and has cooler temperatures in winter due to Earth's 23.5-degree tilt⁷. The Northern Hemisphere is tilted⁸ away from the sun in winter, and toward it in July.

尽管距离太阳更近，但是温度却很低，这是由于地球倾斜23.5度导致北半球在冬天接收到的阳光更少，因此天气也更冷。北半球在冬天是背离太阳的方向倾斜着身子公转，而在夏天（7月）是向着太阳倾斜。

 

4. THE WINTER SOLSTICE MARKS THE SHORTEST DAY OF THE YEAR, BUT NOT THE EARLIEST SUNSET.

冬至是一年中白昼最短的一天，但不是日落最早的一天

 

Though the winter solstice is the day with the least amount of sunlight, that's not because of the sunset. In fact, the earliest sunset happens about two weeks prior—in 2021 in New York, for example, the winter solstice is December 21, but the earliest sunsets occur on December 7 and 8 (at 4:28 pm).

尽管冬至是日照最少的一天，但这不是因为日落时间早。事实上，日落最早的时间是在约两周以前。以纽约为例，今年的冬至是12月21日，但是当地日落最早的日子是12月7日和8日（下午4点28分）。

 

The discrepancy⁹ is due to the way we calculate time. Our clocks operate on an exact 24-hour schedule, but our days are technically¹⁰ a little longer or shorter. One day equals the time between when the sun is at its highest point in the sky, called solar noon, and the next.

这种差异是由于我们计算时间的方式产生的。我们的时钟按照精确的24小时来运行，但是从严格意义上来讲我们每一天的时间会长一点或短一点。从太阳升至天空最高点（正午时分）到第二天再次升至最高点的这段时间算作一天。

 

A solar day is slightly longer than 24 hours during the summer and winter solstices and slightly shorter during the spring and fall equinoxes because of Earth's tilt and orbit. During the winter solstice in New York on December 21, solar noon is actually 11:54 am EST.

由于地球的倾斜角度和公转，夏至和冬至时的一个太阳日比24小时略长，在春分和秋分比24小时略短。纽约冬至日12月21日的正午时分实际上是美国东部标准时间上午11点54分。

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