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BEIJING, Nov. 14 - Chinese archaeologists said they have found fossilized remains1 of a primitive2 human species that lived about 2.04 million years ago in the Three Gorges3 Area in southwest China, the earliest ever found in the country.
The findings, including a lower jawbone fragment, an incisor and more than 230 pieces of stone tools, prove that what is called Wushan man was more than 300,000 years older than Yuanmou man, which was discovered in southwestern Yunnan Province in the 1960s and previously4 recognized as China's earliest human species. An expert team led by Huang Wanbo, a professor with the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology under the Chinese Academy of Sciences, reached the conclusion after more than two decades of excavation5 at the Longgupo Site in Wushan County in Chongqing Municipality. "It's an exciting discovery because it may rewrite China's history," said Huang. Huang said his team unearthed6 the human fossils during their first excavation, from 1985 to 1988. In the same stratigraphic interval7, they also discovered fossils of 120 species of vertebrates, including 116 mammals, and a large number of stone artifacts. "Various dating techniques corroborate8 the geological layer containing Wushan Man fossils being as old as 2 million to 2.04 million years, but we think we need more evidence," said Huang. Huang's team conducted two excavations9 from 1997 to 1999 and from 2003 to 2006 at the Longgupo Site with partners from Britain, Canada and France. They found more stone tools and animal fossils dating back 2 million years in the same stratigraphic interval in which Wushan Man fossils were found before, and also in the upper layers. "The most important findings are the many leg fossils of animals, such as the elephant, rhinoceros10 and deer fossils we found in an area of no more than two square meters," said Huang. "It is not natural that the fossils, all legs, were arranged inlayers in such a small space. Only an animal with thinking capacity could do it in that way," he said. The Three Gorges area was once an expanse of hilly land with luxuriant vegetation and a warm, humid climate in which various vertebrates and mammals lived and thrived. "It was just in such a natural environment that Wushan Man led a primitive life by hunting and gathering11. When night fell, the inhabitants returned to the Longgupo Cave, enjoying the fruits of their day's labor," said Huang. Located in Wushan Mountain, the Longgupo Site is considered one of the best-preserved Paleolithic sites in China and even in Asia, with a wealth of primitive cultural relics12. Huang said they plan a fourth excavation at the Longgupo Site next year, which is expected to yield more evidence of Wushan Man.
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