A large space rock may have exploded over Antarctica thousands of years ago, showering a large area with debris¹, according to new research.

一项新研究显示，数千年前，一大块太空岩石可能在南极洲上空爆炸，碎片散落在一大片区域。

The team's findings could help in the search for other ancient "airbursts"

The evidence comes from accumulations（累积） of tiny meteoritic²（陨石的） particles and a layer of extraterrestrial（地球外的） dust found in Antarctic ice cores.

Details of the work were presented at a major science conference in Texas.

The event would have been similar to the Tunguska event, which flattened³ a large area of Siberian forest in 1908.

It is thought to have been a so-called "airburst（炸弹在空中爆炸） " in which a space rock does not reach the ground, but rather explodes in the atmosphere.

The research is based on a study of extraterrestrial debris found in granite⁴（花岗岩） from Miller⁵ Butte, in the Transantarctic Mountains, and a layer of cosmic dust represented in two Antarctic ice cores.

The debris from the mountains includes micrometeorites（微陨石） and tiny particles called spherules（小球体） . The study's authors think these spherules could be material eroded⁷ from a stony⁸ meteorite⁶ as it was heated up on its way through our atmosphere.

The spherules could potentially provide a signature to look for evidence of "airbursts" in the geological record.

Wide area

The results were the subject of a presentation at the Lunar and Planetary Science Conference (LPSC) in The Woodlands, Texas.

A layer of extraterrestrial dust has been found in both the Dome⁹ C and Dome Fuji ice cores from Antarctica. The dust in both cores is dated to about 481,000 years ago - and is therefore likely to derive¹⁰ from the same event.

The team, comprising Luigi Folco and Matthias van Ginneken from the University of Siena, Italy, and Phil Bland¹¹ from Imperial College London, UK, now conclude that the Dome C and Dome Fuji dust layers are also paired with debris from the Transantarctic Mountains（南极洲横贯山地） .

They point to strong similarities in the texture¹² and composition of the debris found in the ice cores and that found in the granite.

However, the sites are more than 2,900km apart. For cosmic debris to be spread over such a wide area, the researchers propose that an airburst is the most likely explanation.

They estimate that it could have been caused by an object weighing 100,000 tonnes.

"We've got similar material spread over a very large area. It's difficult to do that with any other mechanism," said co-author Dr Bland.

The Tunguska impact was caused by a space rock some tens of metres across that detonated（引爆，爆炸） 5-10km above the ground. The blast flattened some 2,000 sq km of Siberian forest, knocking people to the ground about 60km from the epicentre（震中） .

Airbursts on the scale of the Tunguska event are thought to occur every 500-1,000 years on Earth. This figure is based on computer modelling by Dr Bland and his colleagues.

These results are consistent with（与……一致） an analysis of airbursts in the atmosphere gathered by US Department of Defense¹³ satellites from the 1960s onwards.

"These events are tricky¹⁴ to spot after they happen. If you go to Tunguska now, you've really got your work cut out trying to find any trace of that event - and that was 1908," Dr Bland told BBC News.

"What makes [the] work so exciting is that it may give us a way of spotting these events in the geological record. If these spherules are the signature, we know what to look for in future."