An Indiana University geophysical experiment detected unusual seismic¹（地震的） signals associated with tornadoes³ that recently struck regions across the Midwest -- information that may have value for meteorologists studying the atmospheric⁴ activity that precedes tornado² disasters. The experiment by IU researchers involves deployment⁵ of more than 100 state-of-the-art digital seismographs（地震仪） in a broad swath of the U.S. midcontinent. One of the twisters that struck southeastern Missouri and southern Illinois on Feb. 29 passed through the seismic detection array.

"In examining the seismograms, we recorded unusual seismic signals on three of our stations in southern Illinois," said Michael Hamburger, professor in the department of geological sciences at IU Bloomington and one of the researchers conducting the experiment.

"The seismograms show a strong, low-frequency pulse beginning around 4:45 a.m. on Feb. 29. Our preliminary interpretation⁶, based on other seismic records of tornadoes, suggests that we were recording⁷ not the tornado itself, but a large atmospheric pressure transient（短暂的） related to the large thunderstorms that spawned⁸ the tornadoes."

The seismographs that detected the pulse are near Harrisburg, Ill., a town of 9,000 where a pre-dawn twister caused extensive damage, killed six people and injured about 100 more.

IU researchers initially⁹ feared that some of the instruments might be damaged by the storm, setting back a National Science Foundation-funded project that included the investment of hundreds of thousands of dollars and months of effort. But when principal investigator¹⁰ Gary Pavlis, an IU professor of geological sciences, checked the digital recordings¹¹ of the Illinois stations on Feb. 29, he found they were still alive and streaming data. As he checked further, he discovered the strange "tornado seismograms" that were recorded on seismographs near Harrisburg.

Hamburger said a seismic pressure gradient associated with the tornado produced a slow, minute tilting¹² of the seismograph that lasted for several minutes. He said this sort of pressure-related signal may help scientists better understand atmospheric activity that takes place right before tornadoes touch down. The IU researchers are working with colleagues at the University of California San Diego to try to compare recordings with other tornado-related signals and to dig deeper into the analysis.

While seismographs have been known to detect seismic activity related to tornadoes, it is highly unusual to have state-of-the-art digital instruments recording information in such close proximity¹³ to a tornado, the researchers say.