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A 在 assume, believe, consider, feel, know, suppose, understand 等之后可接宾语+ to be:
I consider him to be the best candidate.
我认为他是最佳人选。
但that+普通动词的结构比这常用得多:
I consider that he is the best candidate.
(译文同上。)
宾语+不定式与 think, estimate和 presume 等动词连用是极少见的。这种表达方法常用that从句来代替:
I think that he is the best player.
我认为他是最好的演奏家/演员/运动员。
It is estimated that the vase is 2,000 years old.
据估计这个花瓶有两千年历史。
B 然而,如果这些动词是以被动形式出现的,那么它们后面常常带不定式而不是带that结构:
He is known to be honest.相当于:
It is known that he is honest.
众所周知,他是个老实人。
He is thought to be the best player相当于:
It is thought that he is…
人们认为他是最好的演奏家/演员/运动员。
This vase is estimated to be 2,000 years old.
据估计这个花瓶有两千年历史。
C 注意suppose的被动态时往往有责任或义务之意:
You are supposed to know the laws of your own country.
你应该懂得你们自己国家的法律。相当于:
It is your duty to know/You are expected to know…
你有义务懂/人们认为你该懂……
D 在这些动词后面也可以用不定式的进行式:
He is thought to be hiding in the woods.
人们以为他正躲在森林里。(人们认为他正躲着。)
He is supposed to be washing the car.
他应该在洗车。(他该正在洗它。)
E 如果想到的是早先发生过的动作,则用不定式的完成式:
They are believed to have landed in America.
人们相信他们在美洲上了岸。(据信他们已登上了。)
supppose+不定式的完成式不一定有责任或义务之意。
They are supposed to have discovered America.相当于:
It is thought that they did.
人们认为是他们发现了美洲。
但 You are supposed to have read the instructions(你应已看过操作说明)通常意味着你本应看过。
(关于动词的被动式之后的不定式结构,另参见第306节。)
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